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THE MAKING OF 
THE UNIVERSE 

EVOLUTION THE CONTINUOUS PROCESS WHICH DERIVES 
THE FINITE FROM THE INFINITE 

jt.riM.4£V BY 

%aa , ANTOINETTE BROWN BLACKWELL, A.M., D.D. 

Minister Emeritus of All Saints Church 
Elizabeth, New Jersey 



BOSTON: THE GORHAM PRESS 

THE COPP CLARK CO., LIMITED, TORONTO 



Copyright, 1914, by Antoinette Brown Blackwell 



All Rights Reserved 



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**/$ 



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The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. 



NOV 25 1914 

©CI.A388568 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

I The General Outlook 7 

II Creation as a Correlated Process . . 21 

III The Relative Manysidedness of Nature 28 

IV The Ever-existing; and Its Never-end- 
ing Activities 38 

V The Making of Nature's Primary or 

Least Units 58 

VI Continuous Process 74 

VII The Making of the Worlds .... 95 

VIII Life, Mind and Organism at Work . . 107 

IX Making of a Psycho-physical World . .125 

X The Will as a World-maker . . . .144 

XI Mankind Among the World-makers . . 163 

XII God the Supreme Architect . . . .192 



THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

EVOLUTION THE CONTINUOUS PROCESS WHICH DERIVES 
THE FINITE FROM THE INFINITE 



THE MAKING OF 
THE UNIVERSE 

EVOLUTION THE CONTINUOUS PROCESS WHICH DERIVES 
THE FINITE FROM THE INFINITE 

I 

THE GENERAL OUTLOOK 

A CURIOUS trait of human nature sometimes 
leads those who have taken progressive steps 
in advance of their times to halt there, as deter- 
mined not to move or even to look beyond that fixed 
position. All changes compel readjustments; they 
usually take up that needed task and we bid them 
Godspeed. 

Nature very generally does work in repeated 
cycles and its general process is a local wave, a 
throb or pulse of equal action and reaction — the 
two sides of one process in which neither side gains 
or loses in quantity of force, of energy, though each 
may receive from the other a mingling of their un- 
like modes, which gives to each some small advance 
in modified ways of energizing. 

Force — the innate power in all essence or sub- 
stance of being — is one and as indivisible as sub- 
stance itself, which, in its many phases, is certainly 
an unbroken continuity ; but the modes of force are 



8 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

not only to us inconceivably numerous, but are 
steadily increasing by means of exchanged modes, 
when unlike, but equal, energies cooperate. This 
means that force never halts ; it is either working on- 
wards or backwards, or is repeating internal actions 
and reactions. 

Force is Nature's one, and the only one, ever- 
impelling power, and the immediate cause of all 
changes, modifications of every variety, innate in 
every known substance and process. 

Another human trait is that of practical trust in 
one's direct perceptions. Certain beliefs of utmost 
moment are impossible to be proved (at the time) 
by enough unmistakable evidence to make it impos- 
sible to doubt them — as impossible as it now is to 
doubt whether or not this earth is a part of our 
solar system, that every day it revolves on its axis, 
and every year sweeps on in its orbit around the sun, 
or that its method in doing all of these things and 
in producing all lesser changes is that of direct in- 
ternal cooperation between such allied modes as are 
necessarily involved. That practical trust is justi- 
fied. 

Gravitation apparently includes one mode or class 
of action which remains a common active property; 
other modes are local through cooperations of 
uniting opposite action and reaction. 

Of course, without expectation or hope of success 
in a given field, where nothing is attempted nothing 



THE GENERAL OUTLOOK 9 

is gained by personal effort. 

It is well known that it was claimed, we never 
could know what other worlds were made of in 
actual material substance. Like a mocking echo of 
that prediction, the spectroscope disproved it; 
affirmed beyond question that all of the worlds yet 
tested are composed of about the same substances 
as our own earth. Evolution has not one real halt- 
ing place and finite knowledge is one phase of evo- 
lution. 

But our minds are finite, it is claimed; we can 
never know the infinite in its fullness of infinity; 
we are relative beings, how should we know the 
Absolute? As well expect a baby to comprehend 
the reasoning of Immanuel Kant or Sir Isaac New- 
ton. 

Exactly. For one, I fully admit the cogency of 
that claim ; but the universe is not infinite, neither 
are any nor all of Nature's factors any nor all actual 
or potential modifications of infinite force or finite 
changes actual or potential. 

All material forces are measurable in their ex- 
tents, also in the efficiency of their working power, 
to anyone who can get the right points of view and 
enough knowledge of the right kind to measure 
them, interpret the kind of work done, and com- 
prehend the cooperative, finite methods. 

Kant and Newton as babies could as little have 
comprehended themselves as discoverers and reveal- 



10 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ers of self-evident truth as the dullest Hottentot 
baby in existence. Doubtless infinite knowledge 
will never be won by finiteness ; but who will prove 
or will furnish us with one glimpse of a probability 
that any finite truth is beyond correlated finite com- 
prehension ? 

By many-sided methods the finite does positively 
and unmistakably reveal some of the actual quali- 
ties of the infinite and absolute. It can do this be- 
cause, in a limited way, human intelligence is akin 
to Divine intelligence, limited forces to absolute 
force, limited constructiveness to unlimited construct- 
edness. 

For example, all man-made machines — from the 
earthen platters and rounded bowls, and the sharp- 
ened flints which primitive mankind invented, to the 
marvelous machines in which men now so adapt each 
moving part to every other — each part to move in 
exactly the way it was intended to work, in which 
each part does exactly what it was made to do, and 
does it automatically in perfect order of time and 
arrangement as the constructors intended the work 
in its many sidedness to be done, until by repeti- 
tions of the same process in kind each now completes 
that particular section of the total of finite creative 
process. 

The point here is that finite inventiveness with its 
limitations is akin to infinite inventiveness without 
limitations. 



THE GENERAL OUTLOOK 11 

Both are exclusively mind work, are thought work 
embodied in essential being; in all mechanisms the 
purpose is embodied in the machine produced. The 
thought scheme is so literally expressed by the cor- 
relations between the several parts of the machine 
that any stranger to a new machine, but familiar 
with other machinery, could comprehend the work- 
ing and the purpose, the thought intention of the 
new invention. 

Every mechanism, however nearly simple or man- 
ifold in complexity, is a realized product of thought 
correlations. 

Mind's purpose is visibly correlated in matter; 
in matter of one kind, as in a steel needle; of many 
and various kinds in a Panama Canal; any mind 
educated in that direction can translate the thought 
embodied into his own thought. The material em- 
bodiment or its equivalent intervenes between the 
thinker and the interpreter; but thought-correlation 
is one, whether the process is infinite or finite. 

My unqualified claim is that the entire inorganic 
universe, an unlimitedly complex mechanism, is lit- 
erally a thought scheme — one process definitely 
and clearly innate in the universe; that any mind 
which has progressively advanced enough in the 
right direction can reinterpret the thought, can with 
absolute assurance declare it to be a thought prod- 
uct, and looking as far as may be over the almost 
infinite varied range, realizing that no failure has 



12 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

been found in the perfection of the least detail, nor 
in the total, can insist with no shadow of hesitation 
that the Author of this universe is, must be, Infinite 
Mind. 

Thought in its essential nature is personal activ- 
ity. All activity is some mode of force. Force can 
be shown to have no self direction. In Infinite 
Mind it must be the infinite force of infinite Mind 
and Mind directed. In automatic machinery, cor- 
related by limited minds, we know that the correla- 
tions in the machine direct the applied forces. The 
wheel revolves, the dredge scoops up the earth, the 
loom weaves the cloth, etc. 

Science has also taught us beyond question that 
the laws of matter are the active unchanging prop- 
erties of matter; we can depend upon them in per- 
fect assurance. If we try to escape them, we fail; 
if we work with them, we succeed. But we should 
keep in mind that the laws of Nature are the nature 
of Nature, and that Nature in its legitimate, most 
comprehensive sense is synonymous with the uni- 
verse, and includes life, mind, soul, spirit, also the 
organic world. Nature is the relative in mode in 
distinction from the absolute, the limited from the un- 
limited, the created from the Uncreated and Ever- 
existing in modes of process, not in substance. 

Being, mind or matter, cannot be created, can- 
not be even thought of as created, because, as the 
changeless essential something, it is everything; to 



THE GENERAL OUTLOOK 13 

produce it, would be to produce something from 
nothing. 

Essence, substance, in its primary sense of per- 
sistence, existence, whether absolute being or rela- 
tive being, cannot be created. 

The universe is a derivative of absolute Being, 
lowered, limited, and made relative in all of its proc- 
esses by limiting correlations of a kind which define 
or mark off by structure each new unit of being as 
a unit external from every other like unit; none of 
them are or can be external to infinite Beings, nor 
are they changed in essential Being, but changed 
in all of their correlated processes — the correla- 
tions of each one pertaining exclusively to itself 
even though working in mutual correlations. 

The entire consciousness of each (if it has con- 
sciousness) must be an intact personal conscious- 
ness, while its substance remains an undivided part 
and parcel of absolute Being and its absolute prop- 
erties. 

Each new being thinks, feels, acts for itself; all 
of its changes are its very own, and yet every phase 
of these related processes must be a double-sided 
phase of cooperation. 

On my theory, Creation is a working thought- 
scheme, is applied correlation. The entire method, 
marvelous and complex as it is in its productive cor- 
relations, is as simple as an alphabet after one has 
learned it, and learned how to apply it to some 



14 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

small extent. 

Like an alphabet, it may or may not have been 
completed as a scheme when the total of Primary or 
least units of the universe were conditioned ; but in 
usage correlation, like language and ideas, is end- 
lessly progressive by new combinations. 

The present Essay is an attempt briefly to state 
an hypothesis which tries to explain some of the 
past, well-known, admitted, leading facts and meth- 
ods of the universe, gathered up by astronomers, 
geologists and other historians. It is itself a sum- 
ming up of the theory of a longer book, as this one 
seems better suited to the over-busy, unsettled, 
present times. The theory itself is a modification 
of various prior philosophies. Time and space 
seem never to have made room for me to acknowl- 
edge such debts ; but I have borrowed freely from 
every available source and have never scrupled at 
modifying any opinion which seemed suited to the 
process of assimilation. It is certainly one's duty 
to offer others only what one thoroughly believes or 
hopes with full conviction. 

With most modern thinkers we may each make 
our own personal experience, our own thoughts, per- 
ceptions, emotions — tested and verified in many 
convincing ways — the basis of unquestioned pres- 
ent knowledge. Consciousness affirms, " all this is 
my consciousness, is my living own individual world ; 
these successive experiences exist, then I exist." 



THE GENERAL OUTLOOK 15 

You think and feel, then you exist. 

Our essential being remains, persists unchanged 
— we sleep and wake, but an unbroken conscious- 
ness still affirms, " This is myself, I am awake, I 
live, I am here, one indivisible myself, the same yes- 
terday and to-day." 

No one ever doubted that conscious self-affirma- 
tion " except a philosopher." Many philosophers 
have doubted it in a subtle phase of theory ; but not 
one ever did so in practice. 

Practice is practical whether its theory is good 
or bad. Our ancestors, who still believed the earth 
to be the center of the universe, so long as they could 
believe that, were as safe and comfortable as the 
better instructed of to-day. It is only when there 
are enough attained certainties, tested and demon- 
strated facts — which wait to have theory come 
abreast with them, arrange them in orderly sequence 
and prove that everything works, must work in cor- 
relation, in practical coordination — that lop-sided 
thought relationing becomes possible but needless. 

For instance, while unity of being is self-affirmed, 
the succession of all phases of experience, of all 
activities, of all changes, all known progressions of 
every kind are equally self-affirmed. The really 
known, the satisfactorily accepted of any mind, 
testifies of itself, for itself, at least up to that prac- 
tical point; and there is no conflict between theory 
and practice. 



16 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

Now we all know that actions arise in succession 
following successions, pulses of action and reaction. 
As all action in the finite is double-sided coopera- 
tion, it is so constituted that everywhere there is a 
local beat, a cycle of varying types, dimensions and 
forms in motion, and the equivalent in conscious 
action which might be called pulses or throbs of 
thought. The mind cannot hold itself to one phase 
of thought or feeling of any kind; it thinks to and 
fro, relating one phase to another, whether of rea- 
soning or of emotion. 

Physical science calls these sections of action 
waves, and it has been able to measure many of those 
not interfered with too much from without, like 
waves in the different rays of light. This sectional 
wave is a progress ; but it is not the continuous on- 
going of process. The waves are like the loops of 
a chain, they move out, meet again, and repeat the 
process; but all the time there is a steady ongoing. 
The steps taken in walking are another illustration. 
Each step, with its ascent and descent, is the local 
wave. The steadying effect of motion to the bi- 
cyclist and to the car moving on one track, are both 
due to this local balancing of ongoing motion. 

Our theory interprets it as an organically pro- 
duced cause and effect in the interest of equilibrium ; 
its perfect balance in all processes must be secured, 
otherwise motion could not be continually read- 



THE GENERAL OUTLOOK 17 

justed. The puffs of a halted steam engine are 
another example; heavy pressure of steam sends up 
a long column; as the pressure becomes exhausted, 
the column lowers ; the energy is the sooner absorbed 
by the atmosphere; the radiating motion is widely 
scattered, but it is not destroyed. Energy is 
neither created nor destroyed. 

A modification of energy is never a destruction 
of force, and the use of any one mode of energizing, 
even if it seems to exhaust the possessor of it, leads 
towards its reproduction, until the habitual use be- 
comes almost automatic. Habits, good or bad, are 
hard to change, and all active repetitions become 
habits. 

Substance and force, unconvertibly unlike, are 
yet one and inseparable, both exist from everlasting 
to everlasting as active; and in the action, in the 
finite, is the unending outcome equally everlasting. 

The name Substance is used in two widely differ- 
ent senses, the dominant one representing, the 
changelessness of essential Being, the other changed 
structure, produced by different cooperation. Sub- 
stance in itself is not changed in the finite. 

Our theory explains Creation to be a relative 
process produced by correlating non-relative proc- 
esses, making a correlated process from thence on- 
ward with its ever-varying and increasing modes, 
the total of all finite accumulating activity. Cor- 
relation is the adaptation of unlike processes of 



18 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

force equal in amounts. When brought into con- 
tact or the equivalent of contact, impelling force 
blends them into a unity of action; and when they 
separate, each substance may have gained a modi- 
fied mode of force but with no gain in amount of 
force. The new finite substance may or may not 
have been structurally modified, that being depend- 
ent upon kind of unions. If a chemical combining 
the structure is modified, otherwise probably not; 
they simply unite their unlike energizings and parts, 
each perhaps with slight gain in variety of action. 

When the chemical union is dissolved, the struc- 
tural, combined properties also cease. In either 
case, to our human senses the gain to process like 
this cannot be appreciated in detail, but neither can 
we appreciate any direct process of growth, although 
the mass effect is plain enough later. 

We not only recognize our own conscious proc- 
esses, but as the subject we recognize objects per- 
ceived. Constitutionally we are at once individual 
and social. All phases of our amazingly complex 
activities work together in correlation. 

Doubtless the Infinite transcends the finite. 
God's energies and modes of action measurelessly 
transcend relative activities, and it is solely His en- 
ergy at work in the universe, but He has given of 
His own force to each unit of Nature to be used by 
itself exclusively; and has so constituted each pri- 
mary unit, in and by itself, that, if our theory is 



THE GENERAL OUTLOOK 19 

right in this claim, no other coworker can diminish 
or increase the amount of force bestowed. The in- 
crease is increase of modes, of progressive hetero- 
geneity of substance (that is, of structure in the 
substance), and of variety in action, whether action 
is material, mental, or psycho-physical. 

And doubtless the Creator does not interfere with 
His own constructive scheme. His cooperation must 
work in accord with Nature and its processes. 

So far as human knowledge has reached, every- 
thing in and of Nature has done whatever it has 
done of itself exclusively, even in all copartner- 
ships. That was so ordered constitutionally. 

The claim that Deity manifests Himself and His 
energizing in Nature, is true in the highest and 
broadest sense; but it is not literally true as a di- 
rect statement of fact. He has devised a distinct 
system of inter-activities, a definite method evolu- 
tionary in its inherent ongoing; within its limits 
all finite activity must confine itself, and for the work 
done each actor acts for itself does and must accept 
the outreaching results. 

This is as true of the automata as it is of life 
and minds. Knowledge has been increasing since 
the beginning of relative life and minds. Knowl- 
edge is so large and on-going in its nature that the 
entire constitution of things has been as perfectly 
adapted to spread it widely and effectively as cor- 
relative action itself has been also constituted social 



20 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

and widely pervasive. Knowledge is catching, but 
there are refined methods of communicating and all 
other processes of all sorts are adapted to work in 
coordination. 

Creation is a boundless and endless adaptation 
of coworking methods. Every invention is a new 
correlation. 

There is latitude for doing this or that, for going 
on or going backwards, and for standing as wres- 
tlers may with every muscle strained in action, yet 
in apparent rest. In general, knowledge, though 
accepted as right and reasonable, is often more a 
belief than tested knowledge. Current public opin- 
ion is apt to be of that type, in part. In an unset- 
tled state of opinions like the present time, where 
old supports have failed but new ones not yet firmly 
placed in the minds of the majority, verification is 
probably lagging behind the stated and partially 
accepted conclusions. 

The need of to-day seems to be the search after 
the stable foundations which certainly exist. Truth 
is never afloat. Like all growing things it is 
planted in substantial reality and must be sought 
for from its roots upward. The feeblest effort in 
that direction must be of some benefit, at least to 
itself. 



II 

CREATION AS A CORRELATED PROCESS 

HISTORY teaches us that the earliest instinct 
or inference of mankind taught them to be- 
lieve in their dependence upon conscious Power 
higher than themselves. That belief was, and is, 
the basis of all religions. Instead of becoming out- 
grown with the increase of knowledge, it has been 
widening and rising into a confirmed assurance that 
this Power is supreme Mind, God, until there is al- 
most universal acceptance of the stupendous cer- 
tainty that essential existence, mind or matter, must 
have been ever existent. 

That the essence or substance (synonymous 
terms) of actual Being could be created is discred- 
ited, is unthinkable, and is not believed by anyone 
who has seriously investigated this impossibility. 

But science is practically based upon a concrete 
belief in substance material, or mental, or both, and 
very largely the dealings of science are with the 
material side of things. 

Science treats its substances as actors doing their 

own work; it follows and describes their processes 

and the obtained results; its tests, its comparative 

21 



22 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

verifications are generally substantive. Hence, 
science is more or less inclined towards materialism. 
It was in the past much more than it is in the pres- 
ent. 

A correlated process is equal and opposed action 
and reaction, in which modes of energizing may be 
mutually exchanged without change in the amount 
of force on either side, but with increase of modes 
and their resulting values on both sides — thus 
guaranteeing an ever-advancing variety of desirable 
acquirements. 

This theory claims that it is a possible explana- 
tion of the method by which the Creator literally 
might have evolved the existing universe, material 
and mental; that the accepted facts of progressive 
Nature can be fairly interpreted by this theory to 
be actual derivatives from the absolute of the rela- 
tive; of limited and lowered individual beings from 
the ever-existing One, the unlimited, all-compre- 
hending, eternal Unity. 

Process, as a total, is continuous and unending, 
but it cooperates in the relative as local, temporary 
pulses or waves of action and reaction, and some of 
its results move onward in endless threads of 
changes. Hence, for illustration, when a ball re- 
bounds from a wall, this reaction has not used up 
the sending force; the correlative method of coop- 
eration has resulted in more or less scattering and 
awakening of vibratory action of several varieties 



CREATION A CORRELATED PROCESS 23 

in the general environment. The cooperators have 
not lost or gained in quantity of force and have 
gained in quality, in advancing modifications of 
process. It is the nature of all opposite uniting 
actions of all kinds to multiply, modify varieties of 
the kinds to which the actions belong. 

The general tendency has been to assume that 
the Creator of the universe has Himself directly 
done the main part of the work of universe-makings. 
As Author, yes; as immutable builder, no. 

The present Essay claims that essential Being is, 
as generally believed, ever-existing Mind; that the 
wisdom and good will of omniscient Mind devised, 
put in cooperation, sustains and aids in some defin- 
ite way and degree, often directs or inspires and 
cooperates with the creative process which has been 
in age-long interaction and is destined to continue 
everlastingly. The act of creation produced a cor- 
related process which internally, persistently, indi- 
visibly individualizes every primary or least unit of 
the whole universe. 

In other words, every least unit of Nature has an 
added, an imposed innate correlation, which struc- 
turally conditions it as a relative, individualized 
being. The countless myriads of relative least 
units of Nature have like constitutions. Each unit 
is (from the nature of its constitution) innately bal- 
anced, self-active and self-defensive; but it is also 
lowered, limited, and, for all fruitful action, is con- 



24 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

stitutionaliy dependent upon cooperation with its 
peers, having like finite constitutions. 

All fruitful finite action, of all kinds, is coop- 
eration, interaction ; and yet every unit acts of itself 
and for itself, its substance is ever-existing sub- 
stance; its force is ever-existing force, while its 
modes are ever increasing. 

Creation is thus a method of process ; and as proc- 
ess in itself is ongoing and unending, so also is the 
method itself ongoing and unending. Finite beings, 
finite substance and force, remain in and of the 
absolute (although to all of their processes, whether 
motions which are modes of material process, or 
feelings modes of life and minds with their living 
consciousness), the processes are all finite coopera- 
tion. 

There is nothing disturbing in the nature of proc- 
ess, which is a modification of the changing, not a 
modification of the permanent in Being, whether that 
being is limited or unlimited. In the ever-existing 
One, modifications — unrealizable by us because all 
of ours arise in correlations and are only half due 
to ourselves — in Deity must be independent, wholly 
self-evolved modifications of process. 

In the nature of things, modifications of either 
type cannot interfere with essential existence or es- 
sential force, neither of which can be increased or 
diminished. 

Force — itself never changing in amount, yet en- 



CREATION A CORRELATED PROCESS £5 

tirely progressive in its inmost character — is the 
everlasting principle of acquirement, whether its 
activities are absolute or relative. This is the com- 
prehensive but the bare cold statement of theory. 
Later I hope to be able to show the reasonableness 
of it as a theory, something of its internal con- 
sistency, and its ability to explain multitudes of 
Nature's leading facts. Doubtless, truth and un- 
truth will be found together; but is there truth 
enough to make it worthy of serious attention? 
Nature is suspended in utter dependence upon abso- 
lute wisdom and good will; but until its correlations 
are annihilated it must remain everlastingly as to its 
individualities and their natural processes and as 
a universe with its ever-increasing accumulation of 
past motion and feeling of many types, whether for 
good or evil. 

The making of the universe as it exists to-day is 
assured, whatever has been the method of its mak- 
ing; and the elements of its ongoing are still in 
progress for the production of good or evil. But 
surely the all together desirable will soon or late 
prevail. 

The attempt to explain such infinite and intricate 
problems may seem preposterous. The " audacity 
of it " is recognized. The wise adage " fools rush 
in where angels fear to tread " has been taken to 
heart; but if head and heart are both enlisted, one 
must speak and take the consequences. 



26 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

The shattered earlier religious creeds must find 
satisfactory new support for their later evolved 
modifications. As surely as God exists, they exist, 
waiting to be recognized, to become currently ad- 
mitted. 

Nature, the universe, mental and material, is and 
always has been humanity's first hand discovery of 
truth. No sincere effort, however inadequate, can 
be wholly worthless. 

Is Force the efficient impelling principle in all 
activity? And is force inseparable from essential 
Being, Infinite and finite? Some conclusive answer 
to this problem is imperative, and conclusive if con- 
sistently solved. It is the key to the interpretation 
of Nature. 

Force is an entity inseparable from essential ex- 
istence. Then is the cutting off of process, the 
actual extinguishing of any process, the direct 
action of force, — a conceivable possibility? As 
we cannot think of force as a new created entity, as 
an actual something produced from another some- 
thing or produced from nothing, so process, which 
is the function, the action of force, which, in the 
finite is the cooperation of unlike combining modes 
of action, must be equally indestructible per se. 
As phenomena, it melts into the no longer perceived 
through the senses. No mode of evolution is, no 
growth is, directly sense perceived. We recognize 
it only after its work is done; but insight into the 



CREATION A CORRELATED PROCESS Ti 

nature of relationships and thus inhering depend- 
encies, jointly produced, and thus allied results im- 
pel us directly to the legitimate inference, to the 
only logical conclusion. 

So long as force continues to be an inseparable 
property of the ever-existing substance of Being 
absolute and relative, all force-impelling activities 
must continue to take up new cooperations by the 
way; and by exchanging side-tracked energizing 
with adapted coworkers on any side widely and more 
widely scatter the vivifying of social active copart- 
nerships. 



Ill 

THE RELATIVE MANYSIDEDNESS OF 
NATURE 

THE universe is immensely complex. Its 
varieties of forms, sizes, properties of its sub- 
stances, and still more the various phases of its in- 
numerable processes, are so intricate and mutually 
interdependent that, starting from any one point 
of view a fairly consistent theory of related truth 
can be more or less reasonably maintained. It can 
explain varieties of related truths or partial truths. 
Truth is truth, even when mixed with error; but a 
half-truth may also lead to the most misleading un- 
truths. Truth itself is complex. 

The whole truth of anything would require every 
point of view internal and external of that one 
thing and all of its relationships and changings, in 
order to perfectly comprehend its whole nature and 
its functions. The whole truth of the universe 
would enlist outlook from all standpoints, and an 
intelligence able to unravel all complications and be 
able to reason in perfectly logical sequences. Hu- 
manity is still very far from having attained to that 
amount or perfection of knowledge (if it ever can 



THE MANYSIDEDNESS OF NATURE 29 

attain it), but surely it may be ever gaining un- 
doubted truth. This includes the rejection of the 
interfering untruth. We know a practically un- 
broken gain of fully accepted knowledge as to the 
nature of Nature in many of its departments is 
truth verified in many different ways. For exam- 
ple: Can anyone fairly informed doubt that the 
earth is a member of our solar system, that its 
revolution on its own axis produces day and night, 
and that its circuit round the sun defines our year? 

The unreasoned early view, judging from super- 
ficial appearances, had a stable fixed position for 
the earth and the sun traveling over it by day and 
under it by night. 

It is evident that to gain unmixed truths not only 
eyesight for appearances is needed, but insight as 
well into the relations that exist between the things 
that appear. The relations of things cannot be 
perceived by means of any of the senses; but they 
can be perceived by that reasoning intelligence that 
may be termed insight. The concepts of insight 
are as easy of comprehension as are the perceptions 
of the senses. 

For example: a straight line is the shortest dis- 
tance between two points ; or, reversing it, the short- 
est distance between two points is a straight line. 
That group of dependent relations, as relations, 
must be recognized by insight into the nature of 
the things. One must first know the nature of 



30 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

points and of a straight line, then he is assured that 
it is a true proposition. The objection, that Na- 
ture has no straight lines, could in no way falsify 
that proposition. That the human hand cannot 
produce a straight line does not discredit it. But 
what are the direct lines of light that come through 
the ether, if they are not straight lines? 

The truth of that statement of the two points is 
an internal relationship and expresses the neces- 
sary mutual relations between them. No possible 
intervention could change that or any other truths 
of natural relationships except by changes in the 
terms related, that is by changes in the things them- 
selves. 

Shut in as we are in our outlook through the 
senses, which are confined to one short, narrow 
strata of all-sided, almost infinite dimensions, men- 
tal insight into the relations of things, supplemented 
by reasoning (which is both inductive and de- 
ductive), often is, if passably well managed, more 
reliable than direct perception and immensely larger 
in outreach. The senses may blunder, may accept 
illusions. Insight perceives both the ideal, the real, 
and their inherent changeless and changing relation- 
ships, and when the idea and the actual coincide 
their truth cannot be doubted. The entire nature 
of finite mind is attuned by its correlativity with 
matter which is also made actual and finite through 
correlation. 



THE MANYSIDEDNESS OF NATURE 31 

It is only because physical Nature made its first 
appeal to dawning mental recognition that insight 
remained more tardy in self assertion than sight and 
became less precocious than sensation, practically is 
not yet largely used by all minds. Given their 
entire data, first principles, axioms, are at once 
stones in the foundation and keys in the rising 
arches of knowledge. As direct perceptions rela- 
tions of true insight cannot be challenged by ade- 
quately intelligent criticism. 

All abstract truths are truths of insight; they 
can be applied equally well to subjective ideas and 
to objectively embodied related constructive prin- 
ciples. Mental inferences have been wofully mis- 
leading so often in the past that they have been 
unjustly discredited, especially in popular compre- 
hension. This is not the fault but the misfortune 
of pure insight. False premises do not lead to 
truthful conclusions. There must be first a knowl- 
edge of the things related, then insight undoubtedly 
can perceive their immaterial relationships. Rela- 
tivity of mind is akin to all other actual relation- 
ships. The entire universe is bound together by its 
acquired relativities and its processes pure and sim- 
ple, as process, as active ongoing and acquiring, are 
bundles of immaterial activities and thus strictly 
immaterial values. 

The mathematical genius by insight literally sees 
the relativities of numbers, forms, and other relativi- 



32 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ties. Visible things and illustrative drawings may 
help the novice to comprehend the nature of interior 
correlations; natural or acquired intrinsic vision 
does not require that more primary type of as- 
sistance. 

It is at least debatable whether too much educa- 
tional simplifying may not tend to keep immature 
minds in an unwholesome dependence upon the 
senses and their objective tangible values. 

The visible world and its votaries already live in 
that strata of being, often almost exclusively. 
Robberies and frauds of all kinds, and even respec- 
table business, deal chiefly in tangible goods and 
their money symbols. Most temptations belong to 
that realm. 

Church and State are becoming more and more 
separated (not now in governmental struggles for 
control), but deplorably in the individual and in the 
collective social consciousness. Mankind should not 
live by physical bread alone. Insight is higher and 
broader than sight; it also should be progressively 
cultivated. To educate the intellect too exclusively 
at the expense of the justice which involves the so- 
cial sympathies is a growing mistake. Educated 
crime is the worst, hardest, greatest of crimes. 

In other words my claim is that Nature's rela- 
tions are efficient only through realities, and that 
human insight into the relations of things, in coop- 
eration with perception through the senses, com- 



THE MANYSIDEDNESS OF NATURE 33 

pared and verified, can obtain undoubtable truth — 
real and unchangeable Knowledge. 

Science deals with the facts and methods of Na- 
ture. It is a cult largely of direct observation, of 
the direct study of the things themselves, as far as 
that is possible; and it traces out the methods by 
which each thing has been produced or changed from 
what it once was. Primarily it is an accumulator 
of objective data. 

Philosophy aims to interpret Nature's facts and 
to trace out their inherent dependences and obliga- 
tions to each other. 

Science and philosophy both seek to round up the 
parts into a consistent whole. Of course there can 
be no distinct line of cleavage between them. Ef- 
fective science must have its own philosophy, must 
ground itself upon an ample range of supplied facts 
and methods by which Nature has worked. The 
mere accumulation of material in any one field of 
inquiry, nor in all departments of the universe, 
would be next to useless if they were not coordinated 
and interpreted, put in their respective places in a 
veritable mental perspective. 

Its dead facts — having no purpose, leading no- 
where unless into darkness or chaos — they would 
be barely worth gathering. But action must act 
and reasoning minds must reason. Nature's high- 
est impulse to action is towards attainment of the 
highest corresponding values. Serious investiga- 



34 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

tion everywhere is its own reward in mental satis- 
faction. The pursuit of anything has a fascination 
of its own; the pursuit of Knowledge, the most re- 
munerative of all vocations. 

Religion has been an earnest seeker after truth 
of a high order and of immediate practical value. 
From the earliest history Religion is first and fore- 
most in the search after Knowledge that can be of 
most immediate advantage for one's best and high- 
est welfare. Religious thought accepted unques- 
tioned the certainty that something unseen, not 
ourselves, and higher than ourselves, could and 
would influence our destinies. As men had minds 
and bodies, they inferred that all substances had 
minds. For fear, hope, and doubt, they sought to 
buy or bribe the favor of the superior powers, be- 
ginning to honor and worship such natural objects 
as most appealed to them, individuals and communi- 
ties selecting their own special gods for themselves. 

Gradually more intelligence and the higher sense 
of right and wrong developed. Some wiser than 
others became the teachers, the authorities; their 
opinions accepted in theory if not in practice. 
As power also assumed authority, although author- 
ity of some kind seemed the standard to follow, 
might and right were not, and still are not, clearly 
discriminated in the ever growing and differen- 
tiating religious opinions. Old beliefs — in the 
children's love and reverence for the fathers — clung 



THE MANYSIDEDNESS OF NATURE 35 

to the wider outlook. The old narrowness stronger 
than ever unfolding other truths, authority for 
truth and an authorized interpretation of truth, are 
still held to be sacred, authorized standards of reli- 
gious beliefs. 

But increasing multitudes have thrown off the 
yoke of any authority except that of truth itself, 
which must be for mankind the mental, moral and 
social domain of living minds and their inter-rela- 
tions with material things ; multitudes more have be- 
come skeptical or indifferent or absorbed by the 
passing interest of to-day. 

Many once fully credited religious doctrines have 
been clearly disproved. Religion, like Science and 
Philosophy, is on trial and must justify its teaching 
or become increasingly discredited. All first-hand 
investigation must go to the source of all truth — ex- 
istence itself, infinite and finite — God and His uni- 
verse. Every intelligence must learn to recognize 
the alleged truths, interpret them to its own satis- 
faction and accept or reject on its own responsibil- 
ity. 

All truth is one truth, but it has many phases ; all 
real Knowledge is truth. 

As the universe is everywhere related in structure 
and activities and as relation is some connection be- 
tween two or more things related to each other, any 
theory which takes its stand with either correlate, 
assuming the reality of that side only — the other 



36 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

like the reflection or shadow of this one, by fixing 
attentions long and carefully upon the properties 
and energies of the one factor, so many real phases 
of diverse characters can be discovered that one may 
be convinced that either half can do the work and is 
doing the work of the joint process. Many noted 
thinkers, either idealists or realists, have convinced 
themselves and others on the one side that the 
illusory appearance-matter — solid and resistant as 
it seems, helpful and efficient it is admitted to be — 
is yet but a myth wrapped about with its mental 
cloak but in itself a veritable dummy on parade. 
And so internally consistent is the material theorist 
in his observations and conclusions that disciples are 
made to believe that materialists are not merely in- 
genious resources and expert in the use of accepted 
facts ; but that they are probably right in their in- 
terpretation of Nature; that matter is the one out- 
put of Being and mind the rather pleasing but 
fragile and fleeting phantom of substantial persist- 
ent matter. Idealists, in turn, abolish matter as a 
reality, making it but a shadow of existence. 

The relative of universal Nature demands the du- 
plex outlook into every relative substance and every 
relative process. Surely neither is this incompar- 
able universe mere pretense and deception nor either 
half, destined to evaporate like the morning dew. 
Creation, like its Creator, could tolerate no tempo- 
rary deceptions. Mistaken perceptions, concep- 



THE MANYSIDEDNESS OF NATURE ffl 

tions and conclusions arise from human ignorance 
and far too narrow points of view. We are all 
fallible. 

It will yet be proved that Nature never fails any- 
where, and that the universe is a faultless, perfectly 
balanced and coordinated, interrelated unity, com- 
posed of exclusively personal, or individualized, ever- 
existing, real, finite beings. 



IV 



THE EVER-EXISTING; AND ITS NEVER- 
ENDING ACTIVITIES 

THE Absolute, if it exists, must be the ever-ex- 
istent — Being in itself, entirely self-sufficient, 
the never beginning and the never ending. It must 
be the sum and substance of all inferior existences 
derived from it. The force which produces the in- 
finite activities must be the force which produces the 
finite activities. Absoluteness, whatever its absolute 
properties, must include, directly or indirectly, all 
that ever was, is, or can be. What less or what 
more can the Absolute possibly include? The Ab- 
solute must be the comprehensive total of reality and 
all created things — its derivations. 

This statement, analyzed, means that one insep- 
arable property or characteristic of the ever-exist- 
ing is Duration — changeless, ever-present duration. 
Persisting being is ever-existing being, is change- 
lessness in the substantial sum of its existence. 
Nothing can be prior to it. 

But existence without action would be dead non- 
entity, a pure blank incapability. Whether the 

38 



THE EVER-EXISTING 39 

ever-existing something is mind or matter, it has the 
power of acting, of changing, and of producing 
changes — not of substantial Being itself, but of 
changes in its activities. Whatever else existence 
absolute or relative may be, it has the power of 
versatility in action, the power of producing contin- 
uous, modified changes. The very essence of action 
is change. Action is an endless ongoing either of 
motion, or of feeling, or both. 

All action is the product of force. Force is one 
in kind — the power to act, the imperative which 
impels to action — but action is manifold and always 
in accord with the substance to which it pertains 
and by which its force is directed. 

Corresponding action governs both mental and 
material in relative being. 

Ever-existing Being uncreated, unimpeded, would 
act in accord with its own nature, whatever that na- 
ture might be. If material and without intelligence, 
there could be no purposive activity; but if itself 
the initiative of all later things, could there con- 
ceivably arise plan, system, order, intelligent finite 
minds ? The appeal is often made to law — natural 
law. It is a thousand times harder to credit a belief 
in self existent natural law, with its many adapted 
cooperative phases, than it is to< believe in one uncre- 
ated, ever-abiding Intelligence that has indestructi- 
bility its abiding property. 

This last supposition represents one supreme fact 



40 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

so superlative in kind that everything derived from 
it falls into place without friction and with no rea- 
son, no inducement, except that of personal vanity 
of opinion for dissent. 

The Ever-existing One is the efficient starting 
point of duration, of time, of space, of real things 
symbolized and their symbols. Everything which 
now exists is of its kindred. But what real thing 
is kindred to law? Law is itself the representing 
symbol of reality. Law is the expression, the state- 
ment of some fact in Nature ; it has no life, no activ- 
ity. Nature acts: law is explanation of why and 
how. 

Mind acts ; its inherent force is the very essence of 
activity. 

Absolute Mind, if wise and kind, if supreme love 
and good will, would create the very best possible 
universe. For one, I believe that the highest of all 
possible intentions is in full process of being 
achieved. If other lesser minds were to be evolved, 
there must be an adequate progressive method lead- 
ing up to the emergence of finite minds. 

Mind would be worthless without a large degree 
of liberty and responsibility. Pain is the danger 
signal. It is the nature of things which brings all 
disastrous consequences ; they are not arbitrary pen- 
alties; they are natural effects, a consistent part of 
the constitution of a universe which includes both 
the low and heedless or ignorant one, who did not 



THE EVER-EXISTING 41 

keep in harmony with the law. Law is not intelli- 
gence; it cannot distinguish between an innocent 
and a guilty, lawless deed. Wisdom and goodness 
would make none but the best possible laws. These 
wanting, it might be greatly otherwise — the uni- 
verse a pandemonium. 

Is there, then, no helpful suggestiveness in these 
following questions? But before trying to answer 
let us get clearly in mind the accepted conclusion 
that primary Being is the ever-existing and the ever 
changing — that is, neither increasing nor diminish- 
ing in amount — and that its activity (essentially 
ongoing) is an inseparable characteristic of primary 
Existence. Then: 1. If we, as reasoning beings, 
have life and mind, which is the more reasonable con- 
clusion? That Primary Existence, from which our 
existence is derived, has or has not primary life and 
mind ? 

£. If our activities produce changes, results, and 
our more important acts are purposive, have definite 
ends in view, which is the more probable, that Pri- 
mary Activity has intelligence to direct it and pur- 
posive ends towards which its activities are directed, 
or that Primary Existence has neither intelligence, 
intentions of any kind, no purpose, no chosen ends 
to be gained, nothing whatever subjective except 
ever-existing, unconscious, unknowing substance and 
action? Is it conceivable that duration of existence 
and the impulse to act wholly without intent or di- 



42 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

rection, could produce our universe? Force and the 
ever-changing modes of force, producing their mar- 
vels wholly without sense or guidance ! 

How can the universe of matter have attained to 
the order of the ever-moving worlds and systems of 
worlds with no mind to adapt and establish their 
mutually dependent relationships? Think of the 
magnificence of the interchanges of light and motion, 
real attractions and repulsions. And how can hu- 
manity at its best have arisen so high above its 
source? By what process have men become wise and 
skillful enough to so adjust themselves to material 
forces as to use them for mental ends, becoming 
more and more possessors and conquerors of the ma- 
terial world? Its minds, have they arisen from 
nothing? Yet are steadily coming to be the auto- 
crats of everything; they are invincible. 

To hold that material things could not have begun 
from nothing, therefore that matter must have been 
either ever existent, or modified from some prior 
existence; and then evolve mind from mindlessness 
to take possession both of the substance and the 
forces of all natural things, is a theory without 
either rhyme or reason. 

The creation of substance, essential Being, mental 
or material, is unthinkable, but we can think and can 
recognize the clear reasonableness of Being, of Mind, 
as the supreme existence. Mind and its living con- 
sciousness is the only real value. The only real 



THE EVER-EXISTING 43 

force underlying material force and its problems is 
mind force. Given Mind, absolute and infinite, the 
exquisite material universe, including organic life 
and finite minds, becomes consistently explainable. 
Mind is the all-sufficient, is the all-inclusive fact. 

Matter can be defined as opposed, adapted and 
correlated modes of Mind force; its mental proper- 
ties lowered and changed in process, its minds latent 
but potential. 

Nature's primary, undeveloped units can be in- 
terpreted as conditioned structures of substance 
and force, so endowed and constituted that they be- 
come self-acting, and so correlated with each other 
that all are mutual incentives to cooperate on a 
just basis; mutually indifferent or repellent, if any 
cooperation could be unfair to either side. 

Finite minds could be defined as each one the liv- 
ing principle in each primary unit, latent, inert, 
until the material worlds are ready for them; and 
the physical correlate of each mind is ready to co- 
operate with the mental phases of its mind in an 
adapted organism. To be mind means initiative, lib- 
erty of conscious force, able to act right or wrong. 
Crime and the resulting suffering, and right action 
alike assuredly caused, is the best, only possible ex- 
ponent of a free and responsible personal character. 

What is known of Primary Self-existence must be 
gained by the finite mind's ability in discovering and 
interpreting the facts and methods of Nature — 



44 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

which is the product of the Ever-existing. 

Duration having no property except enduring, 
continuing could be nothing by itself alone; it can 
only pertain to real things and the relations of 
things. Abstract duration is a name, a symbol, 
which represents the persisting properties of indi- 
vidual things as well as the eternity of the Ever- 
existing and of its ever-energizing force. Duration 
is an ever-present now; it has no successions. All 
finite action, all known changes, arise in an ever- 
present now ; their durations can be compared and 
measured by any common standard; but the dura- 
tion of absolute substance and equally of the relative, 
and the unending force processes, which are never 
completed, can never be measured as a total. 
Duration, then, is an inseparable, absolute property 
of the Ever-existing, and its changes are as eter- 
nally ongoing as absolute being itself, which is 
changeless in amount. Process is the ever-increas- 
ing and the never-ending successive modes of force. 
Force presents, locates and measures all changes 
and modes. 

Process, successive changes of modes, must be the 
action of absolute force — the other inseparable 
property of Ever-existence ; force, changeless, infin- 
ite, total in amount of force, the impulse which pro- 
duces all activity, all changes, all modifications of 
all kinds. 

Hence absolute Being is the total of everything, 



THE EVER-EXISTING 45 

of the non-changing abiding and of the ever-chang- 
ing accumulating. It is infinity. There is and can 
be nothing which is not its very self, somehow trans- 
formed in the finite. Being is Omnipotence ; there is, 
there can be, no power that is not its very own force, 
if directed and controlled by some efficient derivative 
of the Absolute. 

It is Omnipresence; it is itself the everywhere; 
there is nothing beyond or outside of itself, larger 
than itself. Space, its symbol, is the representative 
of extensiveness. As a name, space is a necessity 
of language, of distinct conception, of communica- 
tion between minds, places, distances ; the here of 
everything finite which can be carried about in all 
locomotion, all relations that pertain to the real 
things and their real extensions. Space is not a 
need of Omnipresent Absoluteness, for it would de- 
stroy the innate self-sufficiency of uncreated Being. 
Space to contain the absolute would be a something 
greater than the total of everything. 

The Ever-existing must be Omniscience. It must 
know itself better than it can ever be known by 
finite minds ; it must know the natures, the relations, 
the processes, the achievements of created beings. 
Who or what can expect to teach anything to in- 
finity? The Ever-existing must possess all real 
knowledge. But knowledge, as already noted, is not 
the only property of Mind. Satisfaction, enjoy- 
ment in all of its varieties, must be infinitely more 



46 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

open to infinity than to finiteness. 

Thought, embodied and incarnated in the universe, 
must have been and must continue to be an unend- 
ing source of the highest enjoyments. To mind, 
which can read, approve, and increase the accumu- 
lating values which it has created, that is devised 
for human minds to acquire, and which they have 
been almost compelled to acquire and wisely choose 
to acquire — such Omniscience can have no want of 
ever-agreeable, inspiring contemplations. The de- 
tails of ever-widening process must give occupation 
and interest of absorbing satisfaction. 

The pronoun It is more often used in a belittling 
sense; in real significance it is a broader word than 
any other pronoun or any other term in human 
speech. Language can hardly afford to leave it 
exclusively to represent children, animals and inani- 
mate things. Supreme Divinity need not be dishon- 
ored by the use of this all-comprehending 
representative. It represents both the absolute and 
the relative and all of their relations. What other 
word does that? 

The question of personality is not so easily set- 
tled, but thought pertains exclusively to one thinker. 
So does every other phase of one's own personal con- 
sciousness. It is easy enough to communicate in- 
formation to others, but it is not possible to give 
away any experience in the same sense in which we 
can give apples and roses — so that the receiver has 



THE EVER-EXISTING 47 

them and we do not. The knowledge is ours still; 
we cannot dispossess ourselves of it by gift or sale; 
it helps to mold and enlarge our characters ; if we 
remember it, it is one inalienable possession. The 
exchange is representative. Though we do not 
know how infinity knows, thinks and acts, the uni- 
verse is a perpetual reminder that as these products 
of Being are embodied in Nature therefore God does 
know, think and act. 

Thought, feeling and action — perception, con- 
ception, knowledge — in all of their varieties per- 
tain to individuality exclusively; action may be 
automatic ; but thought, feeling, every phase of con- 
sciousness, is only a property of one conscious life — 
a unit ; and every phase of consciousness in the nature 
of things is the personal feeling of one individual 
Mind and it cannot be lost to itself. How could it 
be otherwise, whether mind is absolute or relative — 
the total infinite Mind, or each of the myriads of 
derivatives from the Infinite? 

In essentials, mind must be mind, whether limited 
or unlimited, as duration is duration ever and every- 
where, although some things endure eternally and 
others, like one pulse or wave of action, but for an 
instant. Force also, the power to act, is inherently 
one and changeless in its nature, its kind of existence, 
however many its modifications in finite activities. 
To know them is to know the unity essential in each 
of them. 



48 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

The absolute is the total existence, is Mind Dura- 
tion, is all Force in itself — the three names to- 
gether representing one reality, absolute Ever-exist- 
ence, total Being and its inseparable properties. 

The relative is absolute existence plus the rela- 
tive produced by internally constructed relations, 
which so lower and restrict all actions and define the 
beings, each one limited to one exclusive unit in it- 
self — so that every action whether motion or feeling, 
whether physical, automatic and apparently uncon- 
scious, as mental, receptive but conscious or initia- 
tive, voluntary and conscious. 

In other words, the relative remains undivided 
from the absolute except by its lowered modes of 
activities, material and mental. 

The relative exists and acts within the absolute as 
the fish lives and acts within the water, as land 
animals, including mankind (and fishes), likewise 
live, breathe and act in the air. The atmosphere is 
both external and internal to all relative beings. 
So is absolute Being both within and without rela- 
tive being ; yet Absolute Mind has given true reality, 
true individuality to every least unity of the uni- 
verse while it remains of the absolute and has its 
indivisible properties — duration and force. Dura- 
tion is ever-present changelessness. Force is never 
ending, but ever changing in the relative, and as rel- 
ative in modes working ever and everywhere in 
relations, in cooperation in a perpetual balance of 



THE EVER-EXISTING 49 

interaction. 

An equilibrium of process is a necessity to relative 
existence. Its processes, from least to greatest, 
must move in equipoise or annihilation of the rela- 
tive must result inevitably. As the created relative, 
its conditioned constitution compels a perfect bal- 
ance of correlated interaction. 

Mind: greatest representative names for substan- 
tial being, absolute and relative; in its widest usage 
includes soul, spirit and every other name which in- 
dicates living consciousness, intelligent action which 
accepts its own experience as reality, the objects 
which help to produce its experiences as realities 
each of its own kind. On its own initiative mind as 
the subject cooperates with its objective to itself. 
Mind of these characteristics, absolute and infinite 
or relative and finite, must be individual mind. It 
must from the nature of the case act for itself. In 
serious matters Mind must have its ends, its reason 
for acting and its own experiences as consequences 
and as the originator and creator of the material 
structures in which it embodies its thoughts. 

Infinite Mind has embodied its thoughts in the 
universe. Indirectly it has embodied its mental 
action in the activity of finite minds. Something 
more directly in matter, because still responsible for 
every automatic action of matter. Infinite, absolute 
Mind created matter — potentially on the gigantic 
scale of the universe and started it into cooperation. 



50 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

The same ever-existent Mind created potential finite 
minds to do their own work cooperatively but with 
actual personal responsibility, each mind with its 
own share of every cooperative, temporary action. 

How these different types of being, by their suc- 
cessive and simultaneous interactions, possibly 
might have produced a universe not unlike the pres- 
ent one it will be my effort to indicate in the fol- 
lowing chapters. 

The theory is an inadequate personal concept as 
all philosophies must be in the present stage of 
knowledge, but at least it needs and retains all of 
Nature's apparent realities as real existences. 

Doubtless God, with His infinity of power, might 
have produced a universe as vast, as powerful, as 
splendid as the present one and in a small fraction 
of the ages of time already devoted to the making 
of this one. That He has not done so, if He is both 
supreme Wisdom and Love, must be because that 
plan would not have accomplished His highest and 
most benevolent purposes. My reading of Nature 
as it is now known magnifies my highest conception 
of supreme Omniscience. 

If God for himself alone had created a universe, 
that universe must have been one vast automaton. 
His handiwork, pliant to His will but without life, 
without mind, with no appreciation of its own mag- 
nificence! And where would be the use of such a 
Creation, except that it might gratify the artistic 



THE EVER-EXISTING 51 

sense of the artist? But this universe can do that 
much far better. Then what more besides? 

Why, it seems to be even now adding its quin- 
tillions of adoring, grateful, admiring, reverencing, 
new minds — minds that in some far distant day 
perhaps may almost emulate in love and aspiration 
His own unlimited wisdom and goodness ; and there 
is no halting, no end to possible ongoing values. 

Unquestionably the beginning and the end of 
Evolution is the inbringing and evolving of myriads 
and myriads and unending myriads of finite minds 
privileged with the cooperation of others, ever 
enlarging and ennobling personal and social des- 
tinies. The everlasting is far off, but some of its 
glories already glimmer through into the present, 
because Duration is the ever present. No human 
being can recall any experience, good or bad or in- 
different, that did not arise in present time, in ever- 
present duration. Because we all actually do live 
in an eternal present. Yet its activities come and go 
and are linked together as past and future ; but they 
all arise in the ever present — the changeless home 
of changeless substance ; and if we recall any happen- 
ing of whatever kind, it comes back into the present 
just enough changed to assert its own individuality 
as an event of its own kind — a memory. 

Actions are permanently linked together by the 
chain of correlation. Because they arise in succes- 
sion they must be related as successions, each event 



52 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

recognized in its own place on the undivided chain 
of process. Otherwise all recognition would be in 
utter confusion. 

Religion, philosophy and science each in turn and 
all together, with exceptions, have combined to dis- 
credit life in the eternal present. That is because 
there has never been a clear distinction made be- 
tween Being per se and its successive but eternally 
evolving activities. This deficiency has made room 
for doubt both as to eternal conscious Being and its 
eternal energizing. 

Our theory endows them with a common undivided 
eternity; it makes duration an absolute property of 
absolute Being, and creation the evolving of the rel- 
ative from the non-relative, finite minds from infinite 
mind by a continuous progressive process, which like 
the links in a chain include action and reaction, dou- 
ble sidedness, yet moving onwards, scattering the 
contagion of action more or less broadcast but un- 
diminished. 

Action of any sort seems to exhaust the actor; 
but it is proved to be immensely strengthening within 
the circuit of that mode of activity, whether the 
action is good or bad, onward, or downward, or vi- 
bratory. 

Because action is the only source of progress, is 
the very foundation within all advancement, good 
or bad; and because life and mind could not be 
evolved in strength, dignity of responsible or beau- 



THE EVER-EXISTING 53 

tiful, noble character without enough freedom of 
action, individually and socially to elevate human- 
ity, and involuntarily helping to do so, to elevate 
itself even above all the angels of to-day (as they 
now exist). The Creator of mankind has made ac- 
tion the stepping-stone to every virtue, with its never- 
failing outgrowths of results. 

For automatic action, the Creator is responsible 
in his infinite degree, as the human inventor is re- 
sponsible for the working of his machine. The 
mechanic's is the responsibility for the methods by 
which the work is done; the work itself is machine 
work — is automatic. Then mind takes up direc- 
tion and responsibility, so far as conditions allow; 
so far the deed and its results, its effects, are fruits 
of the actor's volition — they follow the deed and 
its motive. 

In this connection it is needful to enforce only the 
claim that finite essential being remains and must 
remain in and of infinite Essential Being, and that 
finite activity is the literal derivative of Infinite 
activity, limited, lowered, individualized, and condi- 
tioned to act within appointed definite but poten- 
tially widening bounds left to the personal decision 
of the finite actor, and to the collective copartner- 
ships. 

Duration, extension and action, automatic or con- 
scious, are all eternal realities — each of its own 
kind; they all inhere in Essential Being as its eter- 



54 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

nal properties ; but they are not separate entities. 
Creation modifies them as processes and by so doing 
increases their varieties and their increasing values. 

Time represents all changes, the change pertain- 
ing to the beings changing as to their modes. 
Time is the name, the symbol, the measure, of all 
changes. A name is easily confounded with the 
person or thing named. Every real thing grows old 
and older. A representing name never changes of 
itself. If space is synonymous with extension it is 
a property of Being. Omnipresence virtually is 
extension. Finite extension is its derivative in 
much the same sense as finite mind is derived from 
Infinite Mind by an adapted, progressive, corre- 
lated, applied process. 

Ever-existent Mind exists because something in 
its nature makes it self-existent, and it acts because 
something in its nature impels it to act. That im- 
pulse is force. Energy is force in action. There 
are different modes of energizing and they are in- 
creasing because the cooperation of opposites, blend- 
ing their modes, leave, to each side the added blended 
mode, without adding or changing the amount of 
energy on either side. We do not know precisely 
how substance can retain its increase in modes : we 
do know that it actually does so. 

The new modes, when permanent enough, as in the 
chemical union of substances, modify the combined 
structures but without changing their amounts, so 



THE EVER-EXISTING 55 

that when disunited the structures are the same as 
before the compounding. Force activities not being 
recognized by any of our senses until they become 
the associated activities of comparatively large 
masses, we must discover their additions by inductive 
reasoning or by noting the change of action in the 
larger mass. Every added new correlation must be 
added union of action of some sort. So far as can 
be determined, the primary units are unconceivably 
minute. The smallest known " element " (so chris- 
tened when thought to be indivisible), lighted up and 
manipulated by electricity is disunited, presented to 
human sight and proved to be countless units in a 
perhaps still not the minimum aggregate. Of 
course, there could not be that type of internal 
action and its dissolution until the compound itself 
was formed. Neither molecule nor world can be 
translated in place until the molecule or world is 
formed. The entire ongoing of masses, small and 
large, is a correlated interaction in which far re- 
moved primary units are often associated. 

It follows that methods are fundamentally pro- 
gressive, as also fundamentally one in type, and that 
when the principle of working correspondence has 
been established by creative act, its essential method 
and domain established, that the continuity of proc- 
ess is also determined. Finite mind when evolved 
may add correlation to correlation, with or without 
blundering, although the structure which will not 



56 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

cooperate within itself in concert proves a failure. 
This principle of correlated action goes far to- 
words explaining the mystery of the seed as off- 
spring of the plant parents and the parents of its 
own offspring. The cycle is not only an unbroken 
process, but it is likewise a continuous process be- 
tween action and substance. The phases of action 
are force in action, and amount of force is an indi- 
visible property of each of the substances which enter 
into the growth of the organism and likewise into 
the differentiated formation and separation of re- 
production — which is also a new type of growth. 

Conscious mental, spiritual, or soul processes, so 
far as experience goes, are one series of activities — 
the activities of one mind. The material may call 
the mind into response either in the beginning of 
each mind's evolution or at any later period. The 
material objects are always presenting themselves 
to the senses, and through them the mind responds 
whenever circumstances bring them into the right 
corresponding conditions. In turn, the mind may 
produce the modes of active alliance. By this dou- 
ble-sided arrangement, while the mind has veto 
power and may shut off communication to a large 
extent with the objective world, it cannot ignore its 
own organism, and must respond if the appeal in- 
vades its senses. 

In this order of evolution the finite has no tend- 
ency, no cause obvious in its constitution, which has 



THE EVER-EXISTING 57 

the least trend towards annihilation, either of sub- 
stance or processes. 

Why is not its eternity, both of substance and 
of action, constitutionally ensured? Its substance 
and its force are both of the eternal, and the 
creative process has not intervened to disturb their 
inseparability. 

Action is the indispensable function of Being and 
Being the indispensable basis of action; and living 
consciousness is its climax. 

Not more than one substance can occupy the same 
place. The finite, as of the infinite, has its proper 
assigned places and methods within infinity; but 
every two finites must each occupy its own place 
and act for itself. 

No one substance can be a true solid, at any rate 
in the mass penetrated by light, heat, etc., which 
helps it move its interior parts as an organism 
moves hands, feet and other members. Is not this 
an evidence that even the ether is not continuous, 
but an inconceivably small grained, discontinuous 
atmosphere ? 

Creation is wonderfully complex but consistent. 
No one human point of view can reveal the whole of 
existence. God is patience and wisdom and love. 
Man must learn patience and wisdom and love. 
The lesson is long and difficult ; but it remains ; it 
waits for us. 



THE MAKING OF NATURE'S PRIMARY 
OR LEAST UNITS 

A CLASS of things is a group of like things or 
of things alike in the particulars for which 
they are classed; yet each individual of every con- 
ceivable class must have its own exclusive properties, 
its individual characteristics. Unity of being must 
be a primal necessity of every being, whatever else 
it may have or not have. This means that every 
action must have its actor, that every property must 
have a substance which is of itself exclusively ; have 
substantial property of which it cannot dispossess 
itself; and no essential property can separate itself 
from its substance. 

As force is the actor in changes of every kind, in 
practical life men must estimate amounts of force 
needful to produce desired results ; the ability to 
determine the amount of any special mode of energy 
in use is imperative in many kinds of work and in 
mental calculation. This has led to the study and 
use of force as far as possible apart from its sub- 
stance, as abstract force independent in itself. 
Moreover, in some minds of the highest logical 

58 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 59 

ability it has led to the theory that force is the 
total of Being. " If it does everything then it is 
everything," seems to be the reasoning and con- 
clusion. Abstract science and mathematics, including 
logic, deals with relationing and the mutual depend- 
ence of relations in any given process. 

But life and Mind are concrete individual reali- 
ties and so is every unit of matter. Perception by 
means of the organic senses can never see, hear, 
taste, nor touch any object without practically real- 
izing its object perceived as a concrete real exist- 
ence. 

No theorist ever deliberately walked off from a 
sheer high precipice, refused to take substantial 
food or to socially accept the real existence of him- 
self and his neighbors. Actions adapt themselves 
to real things far better than pure reasoning. So 
long as every infant proves beyond question that it 
recognizes that surrounding objects and their move- 
ments are different, unlike types, and that they are 
not itself, we may fully believe in matter and its 
motions, and in mind and its feelings. Substance 
and action are one and inseparable. How then can 
we conceive of a possible method of constructing Na- 
ture's least units? 

The attempted task — tr} T ing to invent a possi- 
ble plan for deriving myriads and myriads of finite 
beings from one infinite Being — may seem prepos- 
terous. It is but following a notable company of 



60 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

pioneers who have tried to explain some of Nature's 
real admitted facts. So long as the mystery of the 
universe production remains, many have tried and 
must try, try and try again to imagine how it might 
perhaps be explained. 

The universe and all of its known items began to 
be, and as assuredly Ever-existing Being did not 
begin to be, but must have been the ever-abiding 
primary reality. Action and reaction, equal and 
opposite, between cooperating factors, is correla- 
tion. My claim is that relative beings might have 
been conditioned (created) by adapting and uniting 
differentiated substance and force in permanent cor- 
relation. Admitting that absolute force and its end- 
less activities mutually adapted, opposed, push two 
ways changes of some sorts unknown to us ; it could 
be only necessary to bring any two opposed changes 
equal in amounts, opposed in direction, probably 
unlike otherwise, but so fitted each to each that com- 
ing face to face or side to side the unlike forces 
would blend in one unity of action and in so doing 
define and limit their new relative substance, Na- 
ture's least unit, is indestructible so long as the corre- 
lating principle of relativity continues, cannot be an- 
nihilated unless by the supreme Power which cre- 
ated it. 

With God, who has yet found variableness or 
shadow of turning? Equal opposed forces unite in 
the new units. 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 61 

It is the nature of all relations to unify, special- 
ize and narrow all processes ; but with corresponding 
increase of efficiency which so balances results that 
there is no increase or diminution, either of sub- 
stance or force. So far there is neither gain nor 
loss. 

The gain in the making of conditioned units, of 
transferring individuality and its characteristics 
from the One to the many, is like the gain in com- 
municating knowledge to others ; the gain in which 
the giver does not lose the knowledge transmitted. 
Individuality is a characteristic of the Absolute and 
the method of giving it is transmitted to the relative 
very much as knowledge is transmitted to the 
learner by an established process. The process is 
carried on to the receiver who accepts and uses the 
method with immense gain. 

New relatived beings are new indivisible units 
created by means of that applied principle in rela- 
tivity, which unites all correlates in one mutually 
dependent unit so long as they act in correlation. 

Primary mutually dependent conditions produced 
Nature's least units ; then it was their work collec- 
tively to build up the universe and carry it onward 
to its present stage of process. The inventor who 
plans and completes his machine is not likely to bo- 
come its direct operator, much less when the 
structure has been provided with full power to take 
part automatically in every cooperation adapted to 



62 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

work with it. Creation was not an easy task; mil- 
lions multiplied by millions of millions, all to be so 
accurately constructed that perfect equilibrium 
would be everywhere maintained. 

Besides, the work itself was to bring its own val- 
ues to the new worker, or otherwise its penalties, 
demerits. In that relation of good, less good and 
decidedly bad, Infinite Wisdom could not interfere 
with the natural processes so impressively weighted 
with consequences all its own wise provision. 

In a universe destined to become increasingly rich 
and diverse, each unit created must be so constructed 
that it could honestly steadily increase its own abil- 
ity to effectively meet every possible emergency. 
Such necessities must require correlation within the 
unit itself; it must be a self -balancing activity, a 
center of outreaching lines of force, differing in vi- 
bratory extents and velocities, made to increase in 
adaptability and increase of action ; and to increase 
in methods with almost every act, with every new 
and wider cooperation. 

A wheel-like center of outreaching spokes, but in 
all directions like a ball with threads ranging from 
the center outwards, best outlines my conception of 
the general form of Nature's least elements. 
Drops of water and other fluids round themselves 
into little globes and the great worlds assume the 
rounded form modified by cooperating motion. But 
form is non-essential except that it is the product of 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 63 

cooperating forces working in correlation. 

With every new modification of force a still more 
intimate relationship would interweave itself into 
the next process ; and process must become incon- 
ceivably heterogeneous. We cannot realize that in 
feeling, but it is proved that so it is in Nature, and 
we accept that and multitudes of other conclusions 
which our minds cannot grasp in all of their immen- 
sities, yet which we really know more or less super- 
ficially. 

The importance of every primary individual con- 
sists not merely in itself alone, but equally in its 
fundamental relations to the entire system of cor- 
related Nature. It is not only a part of the whole, 
but it is itself an active necessity of the total sys- 
tem, so much so that the loss of its share of bal- 
ancing force applied first and last in thousands and 
thousands of different ways at different times, in 
cooperation with different partners, would be an ap- 
preciable loss, would unbalance the thousands of 
temporary cooperating active systems of which it 
forms an essential and a practical element. The 
disturbance would be carried on through the entire 
universe, if it is true that the interaction in gravi- 
tation is universal. Then, if we could suppose that 
gravitation ceases to act beyond its own solar sys- 
tem, yet the thousands of thousands of lesser 
systems unbalanced by the steadying help of the 
lost primary unit could merely continue their work 



64? THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

like maimed and limping cripples. At any rate, 
that would be the effect if any one of Nature's least 
units, after working, let us say, for about the 
length of an ordinary human life, could then have all 
that it is and all that it would have done in an or- 
dinary way completely drawn out and lost to the 
rest of progressive Nature. Only a small bit of re- 
sults is visible, remember. 

Each one of God's created least units is inval- 
uable. Why not? It is the Creator's own handi- 
work. It was made to be itself — an eternal 
individuality. It was made to do its fair share in 
an increasingly complex process, eternal in duration. 
Is the destruction of one such unit, whether material, 
mental, or psychophysical, to be feared, expected, 
or morally possible? 

What is every individuality made of? Of the 
Ever-existing assuredly; there is nothing else which 
it could be made of, and nothing else which could 
help in the making of the primary least units of 
Nature; but they, when created, could begin to 
work, to co-work; that is exactly what they were 
made for. Nature is a co-working total of relativ- 
ities, all of them mutually helpful in every process 
with which they are directly occupied. Relation 
relates both finite being and finite action. In every 
sense we, as among the least units of the universe, 
are the direct derivatives of the Ever-existing Sub- 
stance, of the Ever-existing Duration and of the 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 65 

Ever-existing Force — God. These three phases of 
Being in our smallness are as inseparable in the rel- 
ative as in the Absolute. 

But this is not a subject-matter to be settled by 
logic alone. It is a problem to be solved by appeal 
to the facts from first to last, as far as that is 
possible. Our knowledge of the Creator is obtained 
through our knowledge of the nature and processes 
of the things created. Just as one looking to any 
complicated machine, as a watch or a steam engine, 
can examine the relation of its parts and sees it in 
action, can know something of how and why it was 
put together, so that each part is doing its own 
work in helping in one allied action, so in studying 
any object and seeing it in cooperation, we may 
know more and more of how and why it was con- 
structed, made ready for cooperation. 

As relative (in the nature of things, nothing can 
be gained, increased by internal cooperation of 
parts, with a continuous equipoise in every part and 
in the whole balanced system) all gains of every 
kind must arise through cooperation exactly also 
in relations between corresponding units of being. 

Process everywhere moves on divided lines or 
strands of process, but ever in an unbroken contin- 
uity. 

Thus a little cambric steel needle was made an 
individual needle by the correlations between the 



66 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

needle's eye, its slim body and its sharp point. It 
is a completed structure of its kind; but by itself 
it can do no work. Someone must fit a thread to 
match the needle's eye ; if the thread is too large 
to go through the eye, it must be rejected, if too 
small it can be used for sewing cloth; but the work 
will prove the flimsy result unsatisfactory. Needle, 
thread, the cut garment ready to be made up to fit 
the person who is to wear the garment, heavy or 
light, suited to the season in which it is to be worn; 
so endlessly onward run and must run all of Na- 
ture's relative processes ; and every process, in the 
nature of it, is double sided or complexly double 
sided. 

All action is some adjustment between the coop- 
erator's work, and also between the working method 
and the work to be done. The little household nee- 
dle by a proper modification can be put into a mod- 
ern sewing machine with treadle, wheel and numbers 
of other interrelated, delicate adjustments. In- 
stead of one little hand-push of the needle at every 
stitch, two perhaps tired eyes focussed upon every 
stitch, the main part of the work is now done auto- 
matically. An easy almost automatic first push — 
becoming more and more automatic by habit — 
moves on step by step till the work many fold in 
quantity of work measured by the time taken, and 
many fold also less nerve and muscle wear and men- 
tal strain. 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 67 

This illustrates one type of relationships and its 
gains in real values. Nature has many kinds of re- 
lations and their many corresponding kinds of gain, 
some only twofold others a hundredfold or more, as 
sometimes in the offspring of a single ocean-bred 
mother or the seeds of a plant. Process moves on- 
wards ; it may and often does repeat itself ; but it 
has no active relations with the past, none even with 
the future; all work is done in the present, as all 
duration is ever present. 

The method established, all activities within that 
method conform to its requirements. Each new re- 
lationship specializes its own processes. If the cam- 
bric needle had a memory it would remember only 
the work done with the help of the little living fin- 
gers. The machine would remember only machine 
processes, and, with an outlook wide enough, the 
superintending co-worker. 

Each created being in and of the Absolute ever 
existent, is ever existent substances and force, with 
its superimposed relativity, must act, move, feel, 
think (if it ever attains to life and mind), wholly 
within its relationships. But unless the Creator 
annihilates his own creation, the relative is as eter- 
nal as the Absolute. 

Our theory claims that Nature's primary units 
collectively are so endowed that the progress and 
destiny of the universe depend directly upon their 
interactivities. They do the work actually, directly. 



68 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

First, they are commissioned by mechanical action 
to bring the material universe into fitting conditions 
to welcome and cooperate with the mental universe 
increasingly in all mental changes as they arise and 
advance. The theory attempts to account for the 
actual facts as they are known to have arisen. 

In those long years, the many ages of material 
evolution, the systems of worlds and their inorganic 
contents were products of many-phased, cooperative 
motions, so preadjusted by advancing correlations 
that land, water, atmosphere, solids, liquids, gases, 
— the so-called elements, the practical units, the 
building units, of our era — are all brought into 
practical working partnerships. 

In the primary or least units the Creator, God, 
devised and potentially provided for all subsequent 
relationships. These primaries are the only insep- 
arable masses, the only real units. All other masses 
temporarily are in cooperation, including all organ- 
isms, and the solar systems probably are groups of 
co-working units, and sooner or later may be sep- 
arated to reunite in other masses. 

I hold that each primary unit is an unseparated 
bit of Ever-existing Being upon which is based the 
added, inseparable, innate correlation, which defines 
its underlying basis ; the whole retaining for itself 
so much of the substance and properties of the abso- 
lute as its correlations have preempted. All of its 
conscious experiences arise within its interior rela- 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 69 

tionships. Also all of its activities are cooperations 
with other similarly conditioned units, are all the 
products of active relations working in constitu- 
tional mutual dependence. 

Correlation may be added to correlation, the inter- 
activities arising within the new union working in 
partial independence, while the prior correlation 
continues its own processes unchanged. 

This wonderful elemental provision for evolution 
should be especially noted. No new correlation 
needs to annul the preceding one upon which it is 
based, yet even that may be achieved by the ig- 
norance or the obstinacy of the misguided Will. 

Whatever else may belong to Ever-existing Being, 
Mind is the intelligent conscious director of its own 
inseparable absolute Force. As the Ever-existing 
Duration, the other absolute property ensures its 
duration and the duration of ever-changing, ever- 
existing process of every primary unit — unless the 
derivative product of all the ages should be entirely 
annihilated. 

Present time a moment's space! It is eternal 
time, duration itself ! — unless treated as a name, 
representing changes. 

Again, relations do not change the substance or 
the properties of any prior substance to which 
things are attached. When the needle is steel in 
substance, it remains steel, still performing all of 
the normal activities of steel; it is heated by fric- 



70 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

tion, by any source of heat; it can be electrified; it 
absorbs and reflects light, etc. These many coop- 
erations are its interactions as steel — not as a steel 
needle; it may be made to prick as a needle, but it 
can do very little else except to help fasten some- 
thing together with thread — its real function as a 
needle. As claimed before, a correlated substance 
is narrowed and specialized united work, while its 
share in work done may be vastly increased while 
the present substance to which it is attached and of 
which it now forms a part is not one iota changed 
by the relationships that are added to it. When 
the needle is made of poor iron it remains poor iron, 
and breaks readily when a hard strain is put on it. 
The primary correlations of Nature's units added 
to ever-existing substance produce no change in the 
parent substances. 

Relations are not substances, they are limiting 
methods applied to forces; their function is that of 
guiding force-action into desired channels, and their 
purpose is to accomplish desired ends, new relations, 
and new processes. 

Correlation may add substance to substance as 
it unites force to force. It adds the pin-head to the 
main body of the pin; it adds the entire structure of 
wood and iron to the sewing machine; still it pro- 
duces no change either in the substance added, or 
added to, except the change of form and size, which 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 71 

are not changes in the nature of the material; and 
the formal changes in the sewing machine are parts 
of the work necessary in attaching another correla- 
tion to the simpler correlation that produced the 
simpler cambric needle. No substance is essentially 
changed by correlation; its properties change. 

It is to be noted also that in these and all other 
relationships, mind has taken the leading part in 
establishing the ongoing process. Mind contrived 
and fashioned the needle, the thread, the cloth, the 
garment, etc. Mind directly guided the needle, 
taught it to make its stitches firm and even, and 
mind so constructed the machine that its merely me- 
chanical work must be accurate so long as the ma- 
chine is in good order. 

The principle of correlation is and must be one in 
kind, however various may be its applications and 
their results. All correlations are mind produced. 
Intelligence recognizes, selects and desires both 
means and ends. Human mind in its weakness 
rarely, if ever, succeeds in at first making a perfect 
machine, especially of the more complex sorts. Im- 
provement follows improvement, variation varia- 
tion, improvement or otherwise. In general, the 
better structure and the successful combinations de- 
feat the less successful. It is a standing illustration 
of the younger usurping the birthright of the older. 

The correlation, that called into being the uni- 
versal host of primary units, is of the same class 



72 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

with all other correlation. A gnat is in the class 
with an elephant, and a rush-light with the sun. 
Their kinships in contrast as dimensions are insig- 
nificant compared with the created act which directly 
and indirectly brought the universe up to its present 
stage of advancement. In its largest sense all finite 
correlations are included in the primal birthright 
endorsement of the myriads of created new individ- 
ualities, as the seed is immanent in the parent tree. 

In this upreaching and outreaching process, mat- 
ter has become mathematically so evolved in vi- 
bratory extents and rates of corresponding motions 
that they are able also to work in correspondence 
with organisms and their indwelling types of life 
and mind in their advancing evolution. 

The infinitely small is found to be, so far as it 
has been discovered, as exactly coordinated in all 
details as the infinitely large. As provision has 
been made within each primary unit for structural 
progression physically, like provision has also been 
made inherent in the constitution of the primary 
units for organic evolution by infinitesimal stages, 
and in the organic process is involved the corre- 
sponding mental progressions. 

The leading function of the plant is the raising 
of the mineral up to the grade of living matter and 
to become the basis of nutrition for animal life. 

The progressive movement rises and widens step 
by step from lower to higher in normal progress of 



NATURE'S PRIMARY UNITS 73 

animal types. Sometimes there has been retrogres- 
sion, generally from interactions with environment; 
but in later stages by the pervasive interferences of 
human freedom privileged within limits to act right 
or wrong upon its own responsibility. 

Without free mental volition with its legitimate 
outgrowing results, finite minds would be too tiny 
and worthless to be worth originating as derivatives 
limited and conditioned by Creative wisdom and 
good will. 

Briefly, all progress is grounded upon some prior 
progress, so that no advance has been made in Na- 
ture, so far as the records of geology, astronomy 
and history in general tend to prove, except by the 
addition of some new correlation in which coopera- 
tions arise in new phases within the new combination 
or by repetition. 



VI 
CONTINUOUS PROCESS 

IT is a wide outreach from the infinitesimal dots 
— Nature's least units — to the outer bounds of 
the universe, but given a constitution exactly fitted 
to perform the great task allotted to them collec- 
tively, these unthinkably small midgets could do 
what unquestionally they have done — build up the 
worlds; build up the mighty worlds and their con- 
tents and set them all into a rhythmic maze of inter- 
weaving movements all in self-balanced harmony. 

The Creator's work, His free gift, was the con- 
ditioned structure and its conditioned processes. 
Action is an individual act. No one can act for 
another any more than he can breathe for another. 
What was given to each in establishing them as 
ever-persistent limited beings external to each other, 
but within Infinity of Beings, must have been its 
infinitesimal portion of beings to each as the basis, 
then the additional endowment of a relative indi- 
viduality. 

If this supposition as to method and gifts seems 
merely fanciful, look carefully at existing facts. 

74 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 75 

Mind and matter are both here now at work to- 
gether, though they did not build the worlds to- 
gether; they are together now carrying forward 
Nature's unbroken lines of process, and the funda- 
mental method of proceeding has not varied. 

We have already considered at some length the 
supposed nature and methods of correlation. Rela- 
tionship in action is a process, a governing princi- 
ple, not a substance. It must have substance to 
work with or upon, because process is a force prod- 
uct; but it is everywhere inseparable from substance 
and thus everywhere under substantial guidance. 

Human mind, a derivative of Supreme Mind, 
should naturally follow its author in the work of 
establishing new correlations. 

All known inventions, machines, structures of any 
kind, from brass-headed pins to a Panama Canal, 
have not only put their structures upon a solid 
foundation, but in no case has the relative process 
produced any direct effect upon the natural sub- 
stance either of the basis or of the relative struc- 
ture itself. Structure guides process. Structure 
produces process. Process does not produce struc- 
ture, but all relative processes do modify structures. 
The making of anything of any kind is a process 
that occupies a measurable time. 

All man-made devices have some kind of outside 
support, the moving parts are sustained by those 
at rest or by some interaction from outside, as with 



76 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

the revolutions of worlds and the molecules of gases. 
In all, similes, cooperations, substance, material, 
mental of both, work together as one unit whether 
of a permanent or of but a momentary unity. 

Finite force has nothing of which to make rela- 
tive substance except preexisting relative substance, 
no other foundation on which to put its new struc- 
ture whether a small box, a beehive or a world's 
canal. Infinite force had nothing of which to make 
relative substance except Infinite substance. Each 
finite is the infinite of its kind in miniature, whether 
of substance, force, or of process in which substance 
and its acting properties, modes, are an individuality 
— a unity. 

Primary unity conditioned the lower type of mu- 
tuality, dual and complexly dual process, the com- 
plexity and heterogeneity of process ever widening 
by means of new cooperations between substantial 
units limited by their internal relations but change- 
less, each one in its own amount of substances and 
of force. 

They must presumably be the potential heritage 
of every unit of finite being. Whether all will or 
will not attain to the responsibilities of life and 
mind, remains an unanswered question, an unsolved 
problem, apparently waiting in a distant future, be- 
cause it is a practical problem for which past and 
present facts have not furnished the data. 

The special point to be noted here is this: the 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 77 

inferential probability of the kind of interest which 
the creative Mind, the continuously sustaining 
watchfulness, must take in the progress of the out- 
working of the mighty progressive method, its indi- 
vidual and community already produced results. 

Enough to claim here that the Giver must re- 
ceive more than an equal recompense, because what 
it gives is a new activity in the receivers and with 
no loss of action whatever to the Giver. Action 
being activity of force, and force activity-giving in 
the unbroken lines of process of any sort and degree 
is not to lose, but to gain, means to keep as much 
as is given and the overplus of the gratification it- 
self of many phases in helping another or many 
others. 

The Creator then has lost nothing either in the 
act of creating Nature's eternal least units and in 
handing over to each the task of developing its own 
possibilities by the help of its co-workers ; and of 
developing the latent possibilities of its neighbors by 
helping them. 

Nature, the universe, is a method for evolving con- 
tinuously increasing values ; and it is sustained as 
a continuous illustration of the wonderful truth that 
the Allwise and Ever-loving has created a universe 
in which it is literally better to give than to receive. 

This is as true in the relative as in the Absolute. 

It is the new modes of cooperation and the values 
so produced which justify the existence of relative 



78 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

beings. The inexpressible values of the marvelous 
productive scheme which created finite existences are 
beyond human comprehension. And what is there 
in the principle or in the workings of the principle 
of applied correlation that can have the slightest in- 
fluence as a destroyer or diminisher of Being Ever- 
existent and its properties duration, which is only 
another name for ever-existence, and force, which is 
the one name for every possible kind and quality of 
action, infinite and finite? 

What has infinity lost? As I interpret the facts, 
there has been no loss; instead there has been per- 
petual gain — not merely in the finite but equally, 
if not assurably more, to the Infinite. The sub- 
stance, duration and force, remain unchanged in 
amounts; they were essentially, innately absolute 
and indestructible. A plan has been devised which 
at its very inception, at its first executive act, con- 
structs potentially by interdependent relationships 
the next-to-infinite hosts of new limited beings, 
adapted in all respects to enter into endless partner- 
ships among themselves ; and every partnership so 
fitted in all of its possible details that it must arise 
and continue as a perfectly equal partnership of 
interaction so long as the special activity continues. 
And the related method by which all this produced 
compels a constant increase of action is that of mo- 
tion, of feelings, or of both, blended into one unity 
of action. 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 79 

We know the absolute and infinite through the 
finite and relative. The following comprehensive 
terms are different aspects of a common unity. Om- 
nipotence, Omniscience, and Omnipresence — power, 
wisdom and presence — are the finite inheritances 
from these infinite characteristics. 

God's oversight, His unsleeping providence, His 
loving, ever-noting and superintending interest, is 
not a literal working part, as I am compelled to be- 
lieve, in any finite process whatever. When it is 
inspiration, we may fail to recognize it. If it is 
revelation, we may dream that we alone discovered 
it; if it requires prolonged patience, disappointment 
and renewed courage, we may inwardly hug ourselves 
with approbation while His sustaining, His envel- 
oping mental and moral atmosphere, more needed 
and more helpful than the vital air for our bodies, is 
unfailingly waiting, enfolding us in His oneness of 
action. 

This only means that God's ways are not our 
ways, and that we must look for help not altogether 
in Nature's finite processes but in a benign Divinity 
of Love which transcends Nature, which He estab- 
lished and upholds, and which is also akin to every 
fiber of all being; which is still solely in Him and of 
Him; but which is adapted and destined in mutual 
helpfulness automatically and with intelligent voli- 
tion to work out its own eternal destiny. 

Without adequate freedom to act of and for our- 



80 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

selves and for others, destiny would be as tasteless 
as the burned cinders after a fire has scattered its 
available present activities ; we should miss the eager 
spur to personal and social helpfulness. But we re- 
turn to finite process. 

Evidently equilibrium is the governing desirabil- 
ity, the physical necessity, in every phase of finite 
activity; equal action and reaction, the prime neces- 
sity. So much organically secured on both sides, 
under all conditions, process is equally equipped in- 
dividually and socially. Process is evolution. 

The individual and the commonwealth equally 
claim to be held in orderly and systematic equipoise. 

Inordinate self-seeking and self-indulgence are 
banned, personal greed is an organic crime, is the 
subtle, seething essence of all sin. Every form of 
crime is its humiliating outgrowth, rebellion against 
equity grounded in the inmost nature of finite be- 
ing, the demand for equal justice and practical law 
in all relations between one's self and one's neigh- 
bors. 

Just here is the organic, the imperative, founda- 
tion of all morality, of all intelligent, clear-sighted 
mobility. Motives and conduct alike hang upon the 
one balancing system of impartiality. 

The stars in the heaven are suspended upon that 
one principle of equal action and reaction, needing 
nothing in their on moving flights which is not coop- 
eratively within themselves. 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 81 

Time and space are human necessities and human 
inventions. Ocean waves and all other waves move 
and break, their local unit of cooperation arising in 
continuous successions. Ingenious human ability 
has invented time measures of definite lengths, to 
keep record of the recurring relations between mo- 
tions and feelings in something like an approxima- 
tion to the order in succession by which they arise. 
Impelling necessity was mother of time and space. 

Without these connectional time measures we 
should be utterly helpless if attempting to deal with 
the history of Nature's processes. 

But it is not time, it is the tides, the worlds, 
the people who walk, move the various members of 
their bodies ; the machinery that is made to follow 
the lead of the inventor's thought; things not times 
that change as successions. 

It is not time that feels ; it is life and the intelli- 
gent living mind, feeling, thinking likewise in succes- 
sion of action and reaction between mind and Soma, 
mind and organism, mind and matter in ever-widen- 
ing waves of action like widening rings in response 
to the stone tossed into it in heedless play. 

Time's measures, applied to all of these changes, 
and space measures, applied to all extensions, to all 
distances, have brought order into what would have 
been mental chaos without them. Time and space 
are both the measures and the representing symbols 
of the real successions. How could anything (in its 



82 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

absence) be thought of or spoken of if it had no 
name to represent it? Yet the name is not the 
thing. It is easy to assume their identity. With- 
out our clocks we should fall back into preciviliza- 
tions (so far as we are civilized) ; but so we should 
without machinery of other many wonderful varie- 
ties. 

Nature adapts human inventions. Human devices 
rival and outdo automatic progressive skill, and Na- 
ture adopts the results. Humanity is itself the 
latest product of Nature, and, like every other prod- 
uct, the works of mankind must conform to the self- 
balancing principle of equilibrium or utterly fail of 
success; and doubtless with mankind (as mortally 
embodied like all other known finite masses, though 
of higher variety), Nature has not yet completed her 
endless evolution. 

Mankind in its organisms has gained a higher 
round on the rising ladder of upward trend, but still 
higher rounds must be hidden in the already par- 
tially illumined shades of the not yet achieved. 

It is the nature of all waves to follow their pred- 
ecessors, but with small variations, because there is 
a wide environment with which they are also dis- 
tinctly allied, and every unit is manifold even in 
present partnerships. Thus no two waves, no two 
translations, no two thoughts, no two generations, 
in our day no two individuals, or things, are pre- 
cisely alike, and as the Creator of the matchless 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 83 

scheme must have intended, variety, " the spice of 
life," is continuously increasing. 

And where is the divided line between the creating 
of that fundamental mode of process, and the carry- 
ing onward by the methods and within the limits 
provided and assigned for an endless evolution? 

To be able even partially to explain what already 
has been accomplished, so far as history unfolds it 
in the prolonged onward and upward trend, should 
be prophetic of the fullness, unless that explanation 
is discredited in its most fundamental features. 

There is much in degree. Is there in kinds in the 
world of relativity? 

For me, I see in psycho-physical Nature the car- 
rying onward of only one continuous scheme of inter- 
related energizing. Automatism does its work under 
the guidance of correlation structurally enforced, 
the structure itself devised and initiative-impelling 
force supplied by Wisdom Infinite and as in finite, the 
inventive structure is a mechanism and the inter- 
action mechanical. 

All other activity is conscious volition, or consti- 
tutional reaction with consciousness. Each primary 
unit is conditioned potentially psycho-physical be- 
cause, as a derivative of infinite Being, potentially 
it must possess the essential properties of Being, 
though in many of them, the higher properties may 
never be called into exercise. Created being, in its 
finite degree, substantially is finitely modified in its 



84 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

activities and structural modes. 

Each individual, beginning as a conditioned struc- 
ture, endowed with persistent force, first does its own 
mechanical work, and consciousness emerges only 
when correlation calls it into exercise. 

In all of its properties, mind in each one begins its 
personal growth. Every new modification of the 
individual consciousness must have its special un- 
folding in correlation with its physical opportuni- 
ties and resulting material evolution. 

Every mental phase of the one indivisible mind 
must have its own opportunity physically or it will 
not be adapted in psychic consciousness. This is 
equally true in moral, esthetic and intellectual evolu- 
tion. All evolution is correlated matter and mind 
evolution. Even the automatic begins its unfolding 
long before mind, because matter is the fundamental 
balancing principle in correlation; but when mind is 
evolved, then, as the superior in conscious modes, 
mind becomes the leader ; it is the only finite initiator 
of changes and modes of change. All changes are 
produced of and from the Infinite, but they are all 
unlike in modes from infinite activities as dependence 
is unlike independence in action. 

Savage mentality is held back by its environment. 
So a child born and raised in the slums of a great 
city, absorbing the current opinions of his surround- 
ings, and acquiring corresponding habits (unless he 
is exceptional in getting knowledge from higher 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 85 

sources and molding himself more or less by their in- 
fluence), remains a mental and material slum prod- 
uct, more and more confirmed in that type of 
character as he grows up. 

For so much one is either not responsible or but 
partially responsible. Conscience, like every other 
conscious faculty, inherits a facility and a trend and, 
like every other, it is either confirmed or revised by 
education. The innocent growing brain, mentally 
and physically almost as fluid and unstable as water, 
must conform itself to the mold of its surroundings. 
Here, then, is social duty most imperative and most 
effective. Childhood is the ward of maturity. 

Combined effects are only the roots of their com- 
bined causes. By our theory Nature has been given 
no punishments, no arbitrary dispensations. Pen- 
alties and rewards are sufficient and efficient effects 
of their causes. They never fail. Nature's effects 
are dependent, legitimate outgrowths — results of 
their causes. Innocence may and does suffer, but it 
does not suffer condemnation and remorse, the pen- 
alties of guilt, of sin in every phase where it is 
brought face to face with itself in a realizing sense. 

Doubtless generally the most degenerate being has 
some real sense of right and wrong. They are so 
completely put in opposition in the inmost consti- 
tution of being that they cannot be wholly unheeded, 
either by perception or insight innate in every unit 
of conscious finite being. Nevertheless it becomes 



86 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

apparent that the worst criminal, steeped in de- 
testable crimes, may stand on a moral level shoulder 
to shoulder with an educated, intelligent, apparently 
highly respectable criminal. 

" Judge not that ye be not judged " by man. 
God's standards are most often too widely apart 
from our human standards, which are as unlike per- 
fection as His wisdom from our wisdom. 

The teacher in giving knowledge to another can 
lose no knowledge of his own in that process. What 
he communicates is a physical action like his own. 
Expressed in words which have distinct meaning, the 
pupil translates that physical process into thought, 
into idea, with a perception of the meaning so con- 
veyed. Language is a symbol, a representative of 
thoughts and feelings. To a foreigner words mean 
nothing, to a child nothing, till he learns their mean- 
ing and can put them together in phrases, and 
retranslate the sounds of words into his own 
thoughts. 

Teaching is carried on by mental suggestion em- 
bodied in physical terms of vibrating action. The 
teacher imparts the proper vibrations. Thus all 
action is an ongoing of its particular kind. 

Creation is a lowered and limited ongoing of 
Creative action. Our task is to repeat in kind and 
each in our own degree to carry on the Creative in- 
tent if we can. All process being essentially one in 
kind, and though it branches off, widening in count- 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 87 

less directions, it is one unbroken continuity of 
never-ending force-activity, one continuous force 
process, never resting and never ending, an eternal 
continuity. 

Is this merely theory? Not at all. Look where 
we will, there is no break in ongoing either of sub- 
stance modes or of process. Every morning on 
awaking consciousness testifies anew to the contin- 
uance of its own being and of its energizing func- 
tions. Every outlook testifies to the continuance of 
the objective world and its familiar processes with 
equal positiveness. 

Nature is so changeless in its laws, so continuous 
in all of its working phases, that we rely to the ut- 
most upon its practicability. Even in its most 
variable features, as in the yearly temperature of 
any given location, it keeps so nearly to an average 
in each season that we instinctively anticipate its 
actions and reactions. We confidently look for the 
immediate causes of its seeming vagaries, and we 
generally find them. No star was ever seen to 
change its line of progress, to stop five moments in a 
century to rest, or fail to be on time in its own place 
at the right season. 

In these latter days we do gather figs of thistles 
when the wisdom and patience and perseverance of a 
Burbank learns how to exceed Nature as cause in 
producing effects, and transforms the thorny cactus 
into the nursing mother of delicious fruit. Step by 



88 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

step, rhythmically, through long devious processes, 
but with no break anywhere, the transformation is 
completed so far by the delightful encouraging proc- 
esses of a genuine evolution. 

No cause is single but all causes originate, blend 
and cooperate as consistently as morning sunshine 
overflows the last night's darkness. There has been 
the steady, orderly ongoing, usually the advancing 
phase fitted to every other with no flaw anywhere, 
and yet the face of the entire world changes every 
twenty-four hours, even at the North and South 
poles. As with the growth of children and trees, we 
see the change, but we do not see the changing; 
that is too swift, too soft, too subtle for our eyes 
or any of our senses, but not for mental recognition, 
and its ecstatic appreciation. When we attempt to 
extend our recognition from details to their totals 
and to comprehend that there is no process in all the 
universe which does not slide into action as naturally 
as the light glides in darkness through the inter- 
stellar ether, to relight its shining flame only in our 
atmosphere, we can only respond: It is so, it must 
be so, for everything is giving its testimony to the 
stupendous fact. We cannot realize it, we cannot 
trace out its interweaving details as we can trace 
the progress of the angular mineral through the 
plant to its transformation into quick and rounded 
human flesh. 

Manifold causes everywhere, yet truly one and 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 89 

indivisible, manifold effects follow as taste follows 
the sweetness that produces it, as sight follows the 
outlines of the persisting object, as day follows 
night. The innocent creeping baby may slip its lit- 
tle finger into the pretty blaze, but it is not likely 
to do so twice. Pain is not good and all calamities 
are painful, each in its own way. But they are 
educational, and the stiff-necked generations of man- 
kind require a great deal of educating. Line upon 
line and precept upon precept, certainly in Na- 
ture, are supplemented by blow upon blow, earth- 
quake upon earthquake and their kindred. Are they 
not still needed by still imbecile mankind? 

Was it simply the tempting flame that caused the 
pain in the poor little baby's finger? In part, at 
the climax. But in truth that was but a very small 
part of the long line of causes which culminated in 
that crisis. At the source, there was the nature of 
the fire and the nature of the little tender flesh. 
For those the Author of the creative scheme was re- 
sponsible. Fable has made torture the penalty for 
giving fire to mankind. That may typify the re- 
sulting evils produced by fire, yet no one doubts that 
fire has done immeasurably more good than harm. 
Precisely so it is with every other kind of catastrophe 
which is only one small fraction of one per cent, of 
the good produced. 

So far mankind will not learn to be wisely provi- 
dent. From the mother or nurse who exposes a 



90 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

child to that kind of hurt to cities and houses built 
at the very feet of volcanoes and in the open mouths 
of great rivers, well knowing that lava may over- 
flow them, the ocean may turn and sweep them with 
an overwhelming tidal wave — all the long way there 
is human improvidence and recklessness of almost 
every conceivable sort. 

That disasters are educational we know, because 
after calamity occurs, whether small, appealing only 
to the few, or a needless crash which shocks and 
arouses the entire civilized world and seethes its way 
into the darkest regions of the world, better meas- 
ures are taken and the over-much talk gets some 
action in deeds. Also everything is duplicate with 
either its negative or its positive side, as light with 
its negative darkness, water with its automatic ver- 
satile helpfulness in many thousands of ways, and 
its unparalleled possible destructiveness. Good and 
evil are inborn allies. Without water the whole world 
would die ; and if its normal properties were different 
in any particular, there would be suffering and loss. 
I believe this is literally true of every other organic 
cause of suffering, of every such influence including 
all possibilities of good and evil, right conduct and 
wrong. 

Without the power of choice among all available 
values, life would be more than insipid; it would be 
a mockery, a sham, no goal, no effort. Life would 
be dead to every desirable possibility. 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 91 

At all events, evil is here; it has been here ever 
since man evolved a moral nature from his unmoral 
infancy. As every child begins his personal evolu- 
tion at the earliest dawn of consciousness, it is only 
conscious and willful wrong motive or deed which 
counts as evil. 

Pain and suffering, caused by others, may become 
personal blessings. We know that they are often 
so reversed, and that social duty is adapted to help 
in this reversal. Also as we are adapted and obli- 
gated to help towards all community advancement 
which lies in our domain, by no means overlooking 
our own all-round individual growth of all correlated 
kinds, where is there a dividing line in any phase 
of finite process, material, mental or moral? 

The personal and the social are likewise held in 
a many-phased unbroken equilibrium. Each nation, 
like each individual, has even an internal consistency 
in its theories and practices ; its apparent anomalies 
melt into the total, so that, as a biologist can fairly 
reconstruct the whole bony system from a few teeth 
or any few characteristic bones, any small number 
of concrete facts serve to determine the specific struc- 
ture of an entire national character and its general 
public opinion. Exceptions help or hurt themselves 
and scatter their influences more or less widely; but 
the active self-informing principle of community 
equilibrium tenaciously holds its own. 

Democracy, pure and simple, is Nature's consti- 



92 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

tutional inevitable final outcome. Perversity — 
with its measure of personal freedom — may zigzag 
in crooked directions. Effect follows, clings to 
cause. Our theory claims that nature has no pun- 
ishment; but its outgrowing penalties are never re- 
mitted, its rewards are never forgotten. The peni- 
tent is helped and forgiven; but his inherent nature 
compels him painfully to retrace his base and ignoble 
attempts to carry off unearned spoils or rob another. 
In the scales of duty, personal and social obligations 
are equal balancing activities constitutionally en- 
forced. 

Individualism, its rights personal and social, has 
never been too strongly stated. The solidarity of 
the commonwealth can never be too strongly en- 
forced; but rights and duties, individual and social, 
constitutionally interpreted, do not conflict ; they are 
an ever-balancing progressive equation, neither al- 
lowed to claim ascendency. The medium line of ef- 
fort and conduct lies between them. The great 
endless lesson of life is the learning to hold them in 
a perpetual advancing balance of interest and 
achievement. 

Like all of the other values of life, moderation, 
neither too much nor too little of what it is worth 
while to acquire and communicate, becomes the un- 
varying rule of wisdom; and its desired results are 
by this law ever best ensured. Excess in any direc- 
tion is the deadly enemy of all highest achievement. 



CONTINUOUS PROCESS 93 

Nature can be mocked, belittled, turned backwards, 
overlaid by old traditions or overweening new proj- 
ects, but its constitutional retaliations are inevitable. 
Nothing in God's universe can be made of no avail. 
The personal and the social are the ever-balancing 
forces of human conduct and its legitimate higher 
welfare. The attempt to antagonize them in theory 
or in practice has always proved suicidal. The en- 
tire history of the race has testified against it, and 
its policy and gains have ever been of temporary 
inferior kinds, and its losses even in the endless ages 
must be a regrettable record. 

In the nature of things no blotted page of history 
can again be made clear and beautiful. It must be 
of the utmost importance for us to find out what 
Nature and its fundamental constitution do really 
demand of us. Of process, individually and collec- 
tively — an unbroken continuous evolution — the 
springs of the earth, its rills, rivulets, rivers, lakes 
and oceans, even its mists, clouds and rains, though 
inefficient are a fair physical illustration of an ever- 
evolving life at once personal and social. 

Evolution is claimed to* be the generic process of 
deriving the finite from the infinite. A " son of 
man " in a closer, higher, deeper sense is also a son 
of God. 

Can sin — gross of type — destroy that struc- 
tural bond? Sin, immoral, personal, is not of the 
basal universal constitution. It is but a permitted 



94 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

free act. 

The theory of evolution is now generally accepted ; 
but if evolution, action of the entire creative scheme, 
does not imply unending continuance, the alternative 
is universal annihilation. 



VII 
THE MAKING OF THE WORLDS 

MY object in this chapter is not so much to 
deal with actual processes and results which 
admittedly have brought the universe up to its pres- 
ent stage of ongoing, but to indicate some of the 
relatively dependent phases of advancing progress 
arising one after another, each advance some new 
modification of a previous status and its natural out- 
come. New processes are the process-children of 
former ones — unmistakably in a parallel sense to 
that in which new modes of substance arise as modi- 
fications of prior substance, or children of all types 
descend (or ascend) with the help of ancestors. 

Applied correlation is the blending of adapted 
modes of force. The result, applied to related 
modes of substances, is new relative properties ; 
neither additional substance nor force; but modifi- 
cations of both. Creative process is new-relative 
process. 

The original creative act produced new struc- 
turally relative beings and their relative processes. 
No succeeding outgrowth of relationships can pro- 
duce anything except new modes of properties or 

95 



96 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

process. Every relative primary or least unit of 
Nature is the direct product of a supreme creative 
act. A new individual has been made relative by 
the union of dependent opposed adaptions. Thence- 
forth each new being exists and must exist, was 
created to exist, created not to change in amount of 
substance nor in amount of force, both non-increas- 
able and ever existing. 

Correlation must have been expressly created to 
increase, modify and advance the process and 
its endless varieties of cooperations. The units 
either coming into cooperation as face to face or 
side to side; but always with the blending of more 
or less opposition of modes, both sides meet and 
part, each gaining from the blended difference aris- 
ing from the unlike modes of the unlike correlates. 

This blended difference, fused into one mode of 
action, must leave some changed addition to both 
correlates in kind and extent of process. 

As it is the nature of process to go on changing 
and growing endlessly, that is exactly what must 
have been intended and virtually (by established 
methods) indirectly produced by the creative act. 

Then taking it for granted that all created pri- 
mary units are endowed and constructed each to do 
its fair share of world building, the first and the con- 
tinuously maintained requirement must be a perfectly 
balanced equality of action in all partnership action. 
This equality or equivalence of interaction must hold 



THE MAKING OF THE WORLDS 97 

whether the cooperation is some modes of motion, 
some modes of feeling, or interactions between mo- 
tions and feelings. 

Motion is found to be the balancing factor in all 
physical processes. It is fully believed that life and 
mind did not make their manifested advent in Nature 
until matter, the mighty systems of worlds and their 
multitudinous inorganic substances and forms had 
arrived at a practical maturity. In other words, 
by direct action the cooperations of material Nature 
performed the entire work of building up the inor- 
ganic universe previous to the advent of life and 
mind. The theory that God has done the direct work 
of world-building is discredited. Matter did it. 

Can that rather startling (though entirely ac- 
cepted scientific) teaching be reasonably accounted 
as a necessary result of correlated action? It has 
not been accounted for by any other theory; but it 
is the foundation of the theory of creation by the 
practical application of the relative and correlated 
evolution. Everything is constructed to work of it- 
self, from itself — to do its own work is the real 
mission of every being and thing. 

Infinite Mind devised the plan, supplied all of the 
substance and force, conditioned all methods of work- 
ing with ample supplies for all that can be accom- 
plished; thus indirectly becoming responsible for all 
possible happenings, good, bad, or indifferent. We 
may be then assured " the best is yet to be." Ac- 



98 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

tion is a normal healthful impulse. 

The material myriads of tiny size, unknowing, un- 
caring — a universe to be made by this plan, could 
there be a more mysterious problem to solve if there 
was not an Infinite Mind to open the way and provide 
the method which must guide the whole purely auto- 
matic process with unerring results and unerring pre- 
cision ? 

Each atom a little system of activities in perfect 
balance; no cooperation that did not share in the 
equal give and take ; no change which was not mathe- 
matically fair for both sides; no limit to any inter- 
action except that one inter-constitutional one; no 
possible disturbance of perfect equilibrium, all me- 
chanical laws and provisions ingrained in each struc- 
ture — what could have happened in a blind physical 
world except exactly what did happen? 

The workers closely akin, if not at first as alike 
as peas in one pod, all of one household; but each 
exterior to all of the others, all with out reaching fin- 
gers differing in vibratory rates and degrees of force, 
almost every mass of uniting units would soon become 
differentiated from every other. Solids, liquids, va- 
pors, all in due time. 

Every atom could reach out to its neighbor; but 
not one alone could move or change its own center of 
gravity. There must be complex alliances for the 
production of locomotion of any sort. The revolu- 
tions of atoms or molecules or worlds could only 



THE MAKING OF THE WORLDS 99 

arise after interactions had become so general that 
comparatively solid bodies had formed tensions with 
their interlocked forces mainly occupied with each 
other, with a corresponding offset of the less re- 
stricted movements of fluids and gases and atmos- 
pheres. The more stable combinations, the elements 
of science, the building stones of most visible and 
tangible substances, would have found their best 
fitting helpers ; multitudes of somewhat isolated 
masses would have arisen, many heterogeneous com- 
binations aggregated. 

It is useless to ask after the successive exact de- 
tails of process. Everything must progress in con- 
sistent order. Beyond that there seems to be no 
reason why exactly the same types of advancing 
should arise in the different worlds or even in the 
different parts of the same world and in the wide 
intervening spaces. Many things lead to the con- 
clusion that elements developed their unlike combina- 
tions, producing immensely different states of 
energizing, and the supposed absence of heat in the 
vast reaches of interstellar ether hold to their own 
usefulness intact. 

One certainty remains. No unbalance has resulted 
from any modes of cooperations. Expanding forces 
shut up within too close limits, like freezing water 
in a strong vessel or in the hollow of a stone, may 
break iron or stone, or shake the earth or force an 
outlet by volcanic action. Such apparent mishaps 



100 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

are really interactions in the interest of perpetual 
equipoise. So are accidents of all kinds. They re- 
sult from threatened unbalance of some kind. The 
fall or the hurt is the consequence of the unintended 
unbalancing. Catastrophes are warnings. 

A magnet attracting to itself all of the bits of 
metal after being played with a while may suddenly 
be seen to drop off everything that clings to it and 
actually drive them away ; the polarity of the magnet 
has been reversed; its pull has become a push. 
Every pulse or wave of movement has its normal 
duration and is doing its own work. 

To be able even partially to explain what already 
has been accomplished so far as history unfolds it, 
in the prolonged onward and upward trend, should 
be prophetic of the future. As far as it goes, ex- 
planation is unanimous in its most fundamental fea- 
tures. 

There is much variation in degree. Is there in 
kind in the world of relativity? Dependent relativ- 
ity of the finite, as in all theories, is fully accepted, 
though not carried to legitimate conclusions. 

For me, I see in psycho-physical Nature the pro- 
pelling forces of one continuous scheme of interre- 
lated energizing. Automatism does its work under 
the guidance of correlation structurally enforced, 
the structure itself devised and initiative, impelling 
force supplied by wisdom Infinite or finite, the struc- 



THE MAKING OF THE WORLDS 101 

ture is a mechanism, and the interaction mechanical, 
and they obey the laws of mechanics automatically. 

All other activity is conscious volition, or consti- 
tutional reaction with consciousness. Each primary 
unit is conditioned potentially psycho-physical, be- 
cause as a derivative of infinite Beings potentiality 
must possess rudimentally the essential properties 
of Beings, though in many of them the higher prop- 
erties may never be called into exercise. Created 
being, in its finite degree, substantially is infinite 
eternal, is infinite infinitesimal unity modified in its 
activities and in its structural modes. 

Each finite individual beginning, as conditioned 
in structure which is endowed with persistent corre- 
lating force, first does its own mechanical work, 
evolving the physical into cooperating aggregates, 
and consciousness emerges only when correlation 
calls it into exercise and development. 

As light with its negative darkness, water with its 
automatic versatile helpfulness in thousands of ways, 
and its unparalleled possible destructiveness, yet 
works in charming correlation. Good and evil are 
twins. Born without water, the whole world would 
die and if its normal properties were different in any 
particular there would be suffering and loss. I be- 
lieve this is literally true of every other partial cause 
of suffering, of every such influence, including all 
ethical good and evil, right conduct and wrong, even 



102 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

if grossest. 

And where is the dividing line between the creating 
of that fundamental mode of process and the carrying 
it onward by the methods and within the limits pro- 
vided and assigned for endless evolution. 

Any two waves meeting front to front or side to 
side must be mutually repulsive unless they are 
adapted to blend and become a greater wave or pulse. 
Nature's pulses are actions and reactions, local ad- 
justments of cooperations. 

All action is force-action, but force is not an inde- 
pendent entity ; it is a property, a phase of ever- 
existing being, is the active element in every phase 
of being infinite and finite. This means that force 
acts as that phase of being helps it to act. Force 
is no more self-directed than isolated; the substance 
to which it pertains, when relative substance, deter- 
mines the amount, the directions and the modes of 
cooperating forces ; it does this whether the action is 
automatic or voluntary. 

The relations of matter are comparatively few, 
easily adjusted and readjusted in added correlations, 
and all inorganic processes are relatively far less 
complicated than organic processes. The impulse to 
act, and to act in combinations, is the leading im- 
pulse in world-building, checked and regulated by 
the innate necessity that substance and its own 
quota of force remain undiminished in quantity in all 
cooperations, though all correlations may and consti- 



THE MAKING OF THE WORLDS 103 

tutionally must, increase in quantities. This most 
influential of all constitutionally provided measures 
for the increase in varieties of progress and their 
resulting values should be particularly recognized. 

For the present investigation it matters little, 
either to us or to the world-builders, whether they 
reach out towards each other till they meet in their 
mass-forming, or whether our atmosphere or the 
ether, which seems to penetrate all finite substance — 
acts, as medium between co-workers. It is the real 
facts of cooperation which are of unfailing interest. 
Science will never cease to try to discover them, but 
whichever may be the method, the cooperating rela- 
tivities will work in strict correlation. The absence 
of light prevents seeing. Light mediates between 
seeing and objects seen. Some minute elements can 
be seen only when highly electrified. It must be 
unwise to assign any one object or method as sole 
cause of an effect. Causes and effects in Nature are 
alike correlated causes and effects. It is exactly 
this versatility which derives them from absolute 
causation, which is and must be the action of One — 
the result, Nature's least units, constitutionally in- 
divisible as units unless Infinite purpose should choose 
to annihilate itself. 

Finite action, always interaction, may become as 
manifold in correlates as there are possible new com- 
binations among the directly cooperating units. 
When we recall what twenty-six (26) letters of the 



104 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

alphabet can do in new combinations, we shall be 
ready to admit that never to all eternity would Na- 
ture's units find it needful to repeat any process 
twice; still, as repeating establishes habits, tends to 
ease action, repetition has a powerful influence either 
for good or evil. The revolutions of the worlds help 
to maintain the equilibrium of their entire contents. 
The little but mighty world-builders are upheld in 
their work by billions and billions of invisible 
threads of interaction. 

One other claim must be made. If relative force 
is structure guided, each individual least structure 
should be complexly correlated. As a wheel and all 
of its spokes revolve in ongoing successions when 
adapted force is applied to them, because the wheel 
and its spokes have been relatively constructed to 
revolve, so all matter should be constructed in phys- 
ical correlation, and thus enabled to cooperate easily 
and economically. So it has been. 

Are not many of them unmistakably showing that 
they have been so constituted and endowed? They 
simultaneously cooperate in many different ways. 
Minute as these builders are, their cooperations seem 
to outreach from each one as the center of its own 
action outward and outward in every direction, even 
to the outermost bounds of the universe. Evidently, 
extent is not a measure of force. Kind, condition, 
immediate state of its substance, assuredly deter- 
mine both modes and amounts in all finite energizing. 



THE MAKING OF THE WORLDS 105 

Finite mind has no appreciable self-extension. 

By such progressive, orderly, ever-coinciding ac- 
tivities matter aggregated, produced masses small 
and large — many of them of one type, but also of 
many unlike types — classes and heterogeneous 
masses, in which one might well be unlike any other 
in the whole group, in the entire universe of matter. 

Who has ever seen two stones exactly alike even 
to the normal human eye-sight? Under the micro- 
scope they would certainly differ in form, probably 
in size. Microscopes are said to have found flaws 
in the most perfect gems submitted to this test. 
That proves nothing except that unlike sorts of sub- 
stance, with like amounts of energy in immediate 
action, do unite in producing individual forms. The 
intruding action of foreign substance perhaps pro- 
duces a crystal, not perfect, but the foreign matter 
has succeeded in leaving traces of lovely color en- 
riching the whole, which would be colorless crystal 
otherwise. AU masses are much helped or hindered 
in their formations by various activities among the 
uniting partners, but diversity is a grand, lovely goal 
in itself. 

The marvelous diversities of all kinds and condi- 
tions among the great worlds and in everything pro- 
duced upon them, could hardly have been unintended 
when Nature's units were created by means of their 
interior like, or at least similarly diversified, corre- 
lation. All energize each as one unit in perfect 



106 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

equipoise. The universe is literally one indivisible 
universe. The least and the greatest of created 
units are the products of one all-comprehensive In- 
telligence. Purpose, in its inmost nature, is as indi- 
vidual as action, as thought, as feeling. The Creator 
of all must be infinitely One, indivisible and Ever- 
existing. 



VIII 
LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM AT WORK 

THE making of the inorganic universe was little 
more than house-building of the many mansions 
and their furnishings. Each unit did its appointed 
work mechanically. Neither life nor mind, nor or- 
gan-building, made a part of the process. Aggre- 
gations of many sorts united in such masses as 
were adapted to help in the structure forming. 
Every new correlation added to an older one, pro- 
duced its normal, modified properties and processes 
without change in the prior one. Everything helped 
in maintaining an ever-moving, increasing equilib- 
rium, and the new but wholly unappreciated gains — 
all of them qualities of matter-extension, being and 
motion, the onreaching activities of substance and 
its extensions. 

Creative Mind had made everything ready and 
able to do exactly right, exactly as prepared to do, 
what it is still doing for material nature. It has 
never been found that any present action, whatever 
its own new values, has ever discredited its past; so 
the upper rounds of a ladder find the lower rounds 

honorably indispensable. 

107 



108 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

To prove that finite lives and minds are derived 
from absolute life and mind, little more is needed 
than appeal to the unique exclusive property of 
individual life and mind, to the personal experiences 
which not even any other mind can share. Each 
mind asserts itself, proves its own existence. Even 
its atomic correlates, its material Soma (its atomic 
material body) cannot share its living sensibilities, 
but responds to them only by extensive correspond- 
ences. 

Each Soma, our theory maintains, is the immediate 
executive of its own mind. It is by means of this 
inseparable material factor that each mind puts it- 
self into communication more directly with its own 
organism, and by the help of its many-functioned 
organisms with its outside environment. 

Action includes equally motions and feelings. 
When a finite mind is evolved, mind and Soma become 
the two phases of one action; but each retains its 
own characteristics. Feeling is not motion and mo- 
tion is not feeling; it is certain that both exist and 
act together. 

In other phrase, mind is not matter, matter is not 
mind; but there are many shared processes which 
seem to prove that Nature's least units are all of 
them potential, mind-matter, inseparable units and 
are internally related in the individual structure of 
every primary unit. Mind is the basis of all rela- 
tive being. Matter is infinite Mind's presence and 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 109 

force narrowed down to presenting extensions and 
motions, working in dependent correlations. 

Nature's actual processes have left their own rec- 
ords. The sole appeal for all theories is to their 
testimony; if so, matter preceded mind, and mind 
appeared in prepared correlation. Why was that? 
What probable reason can be assigned? Was that 
long accumulation of action and its accumulating 
differentiated wonderfully beautiful and powerful ob- 
jective essentially necessary preparations for the 
coming of sovereign mind to its own? Is each unit 
of mind part of a total coming to its sovereignty 
in its own universal domain? Mind is proving itself 
to be the world's sovereign. 

Unquestionably, when relative conditions were pre- 
pared for it, life hitherto unknown, and produc- 
tions hitherto unrealized, tendencies in remarkably 
new modified activities and forms actually appeared. 
The complexity, the heterogeneity of everything, was 
multiplied progressively. 

In the inorganic era, the correlated united and 
parted or remained in masses of all kinds, as auto- 
matic agents ready to accept first-hand opportuni- 
ties and help each other when and where they could. 
The inorganic domain is still in action and holds its 
own methods ; but is repeating and repeating proc- 
esses already won; it also does its own share of work 
in organic cooperations. 

The dawning of life was inaugurated by a radical 



110 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

change of process. The economy of all interactions 
where life as mind would participate was fundamen- 
tally modified, though the automatic was unchanged. 

Nature as yet had produced that which was en- 
tirely suited to become the working correlates of in- 
telligent mind with its living feelings, sensations, 
thoughts, purposes, in endless accumulating individ- 
ual experience. Process must now be so elaborated 
that each mind and its Soma, its material half, could 
cooperate in ever-increasing harmony and mutual 
helpfulness. To achieve that possibility in all of its 
kindred qualities would invariably necessitate a 
new type of mass forming, the organism. Simul- 
taneous complex series of processes beginning in 
unity, dividing and reuniting in new combinations, 
all of them merging and cooperating with varying 
degrees of intimacy and of differentiated activity, 
combined in one organic unity. That organism and 
all of its interdependent action must also work in 
coordination with the environment, must itself begin 
to be as an organism, must increase to maturity as 
an organism, do its adapted share of work and be- 
cause of the multitudes of foreign complications 
essential in the scheme of evolution, must gradually 
loose its close efficiency and fall back into the prior 
unity of elements. 

All this Infinite Mind had provided for to the last 
detail. 

In the simpler days one organic mass forming each 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 111 

class of compounds manifested like properties. All 
classes were large but little removed from the sub- 
stance on which they were based and could rely on 
instantaneous help, as long as it was needed, from 
its still more free and versatile environment. 

Now in the higher dispensation, substance and 
force, which should build the new organisms, must 
be given special modes of transferring them into 
mutual interaction in the new organisms which they 
were to build jointly under the stimulating influence 
of its dawning life and mind. 

The stage setting was complete. If the records 
of that period have been read aright, the earth then 
was a sodden world, almost overflowed by water. 
The waters dissolved mineral elements containing the 
right substance and forces when united in action to 
individual bases, for the forming of the new one, 
called organisms. 

Together, by the methods that may be condensed 
under the terms digestion and assimilation, they 
transformed lifeless matter into living matter, the 
little one called primary plant or plants. Finite life 
had started on its long process of finite mind evolu- 
tion. A new little system of adaptions was uniting 
still almost automatically life to the creative level 
of feeling above the level of simpler structural ac- 
tion. 

The new organism added and used its materials, 
brought to it by the moving waters ; and as it en- 



112 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

larged, it divided and redivided itself till one celled 
organism, multiplied and multiplied. 

Production and reproduction, virtually one proc- 
ess, transmitted to descendants by various types of 
division between parent and offspring. 

Everywhere it is the function of the plant to con- 
vert non-living matter into living matter. Every 
organism is composed of what is called living matter. 
The food taken is worked over, the useless parts 
excluded and those fitted for organic helpers are 
quickened into nascent feeling, much as substances 
fitted for burning are quickened to a blaze in its 
partnership with another blaze. 

Let it be noted that this is an explanation of proc- 
ess admittedly established and accepted by well- 
founded experimental science. The general process, 
as I understand it, though it does injustice to none 
and is probably in some sense helpful towards the 
greatest good of the greatest number of new individ- 
ualities still mindless, though living general organic 
matter, can hardly reach the height of more than a 
nascent consciousness. Each new organism is appar- 
ently a combination in the interest of one mind in 
the one-celled organism; possibly also in one organ 
of an advanced organism. 

There is too little real knowledge here for dog- 
matism; but apparently mere living matter enters 
the arena of organism, and in due time may step out 
again into the inorganic without self-recognition or 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 113 

gain. 

In all organic partnership it is claimed that such 
organism is but more or less temporary, a less or 
more complicated system of allied organs, each par- 
tially independent in itself; but all cooperating in 
one larger unity, the one complex but divisible unity. 
The one leading mind, in the interest of which all the 
rest are cooperating, is not directly working with 
most of the more internal organs and processes, as 
digestion and circulation, breathing, winking (with 
the instinct to close the eyelids to ward off danger) ; 
it has indirect power to regulate, none to discontinue 
normal processes. 

With the special senses, adapted feelings are the 
leading impulses in organ formation and exercise. 
The work is chiefly automatic. 

In the large range, mind and organism are mutual 
co-workers, more or less indirectly related and mu- 
tually dependent ; and the intact individuality of no 
one of Nature's least units is in the least degree in- 
truded upon. 

Its own differentiated structure enables it to do 
its own share of the work in perfect harmony with a 
normal organism. 

We return to the early unfolding of vegetation. 
In locations where conditions now remain nearly 
identical with the state of the early world, the little 
one-celled organisms still live as descendants of their 
long lines of ancestors, and they are almost un- 



114 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

changed in their characteristics. They live and 
propagate in balanced relationship with their en- 
vironment. Others unite into little helping systems 
with their nascent physical organs, each adapting 
itself to some needed work for the gain of the com- 
munity as a whole. Low types of life are as docile 
as the automatia. 

As the waters receded and the lands were drier, 
the plant migrated, seeds were driven by the winds, 
doubtless sometimes reaching onwards their roots 
spring up as new descendants able now to live inde- 
pendent lives. 

Nature, to this day, is steadily bringing the re- 
quired growth elements to its located plant children. 
Roots find nutriment in the earth and send it to all 
parts of shrub or tree. Sunshine feeds and colors 
its leaves, its growing bark and limbs, the beautiful 
forms and colors of its blossoms. Adaptation, 
adaptation here, there, everywhere. Multiplication 
of descendants by seeds, by several diverse processes 
— the earliest indication that it is illogical to expect 
that any grand division of ongoing in a universe of 
endless interaction is likely to be produced by the 
same identical correlations from first to last. 

Plants live; how much they feel and enjoy, who 
shall say? That all of Nature's least units have 
potential life and mind seems then probable, since 
they are the immediate derivatives of Creative Life 
and Mind. Whether they will ever attain that 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 115 

height is entirely another problem. Life is their 
basis. 

Plant reproductiveness is a standing marvel, 
though it attracts less interest than similar function 
in the lower ranges of animal life, as animals on a 
higher step of the ladder are nearer akin to human- 
ity. If we can so turn the face of Nature's mirror, 
through which we see as through a glass darkly, in- 
stead of holding that wastefulness prevails in the 
superabundance of infant lives, all of which could not 
possibly come to maturity without fearfully over- 
running the earth even in a few decades, we should 
realize that in all that province of early life the best 
conceivable of nicely adjusted, ever-advancing sys- 
tem of economy was there successfully inaugurated. 
Without the abundance of seeds and structural di- 
visions, with budding leaves and productive flowers, 
— the leaves not for beauty merely but to enrich 
both the mother tree and its prolific blossoms — the 
whole tree and its offspring are the necessary first 
steps to the animal platform ; the animal is the legit- 
imate offspring of the plant. The early animals had 
nothing else to dine on. 

We may forget that there has ever been sacrifice 
of the less for the larger. We should see only an 
ever-upward climbing army of immortals, and per- 
haps the angels still passing up, and still occupied 
in their line of social service. And has there been 
any real sacrifice? Wherever kindliness and good 



116 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

will reaches up, or down to the lowest stages of life, 
the briefest and dimmest life must have been better 
than no life; and death, as most of us interpret it, 
is only the parting of the organism into its original 
least units, leaving them all free to reunite under 
gainful conditions and take another step higher up. 

Thanks to the patient, careful, scientific investiga- 
tions under difficult conditions, we know that the 
young organism, when it has added to its growth but 
a very little way, repeatedly divides itself and then 
recombines; but it is not the combining again of the 
same parts that separated. No gain could arise 
from that. Each part is adaptedly correlated, and 
new foundations are laid for a more differentiated 
organism. Each tissue begins to do its own work, 
each organ organizes itself and performs its own 
function in the general economy, and yet together, 
all together, they go on to build up the type of 
organism to which they all properly belong. Toad 
activity never builds an organism suited to the bee 
and the busy bee knows exactly how to successfully 
make its own hive in the decayed hollow of a tree, 
how to make, that is, gather from the flowers and 
then to elaborate into a good keeping and nourish- 
ing condition the prepared food supply for its com- 
ing dependents. 

The instincts of animals, and eminently the vari- 
ous instincts of unique kinds, in a hive of bees, have 
been difficult to comprehend. There are two classes 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 117 

of facts which if taken into account must certainly 
help to simplify the problem. One is the accumu- 
lating structural adaptations that each new relation- 
ship adds to former ones, perpetuated by inheritance. 
The other is the growing corresponding adaptations 
in the habitual mental experiences in the different 
grades of the bee colony. Feeling and mechanism 
have been advancing, not side to side, but intermin- 
gled in a common process leading towards one result. 
Together they have got there more effectively in the 
insect world than anywhere else. Though the same 
principle of mind and matter correlation must have 
been in cooperation when life was only pure feeling, 
without intelligence or conscious purpose. 

Simple matter, structure force-endowed and struc- 
ture directing, needed nothing more to guide its proc- 
esses. That type of forces impels to action of any 
variety, all equally acceptable. Matter's forces are 
as mindless as substantial material structure. Mind- 
created, endowed to act as they do, Creative Mind 
is their real though not immediate director. Force 
in itself is the simple unconscious impulse to act. 
Whether the substance in which it inheres is mind 
or matter, is absolute or relative, it is the substance 
which directs its property, force; and if the sub- 
stance is unconscious matter — a true structural 
machine — it is the relationship in the structure 
which guides the innate impelling forces. 

But feeling, however low and primal in kind, is a 



118 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

living real desire of its own kind, which nothing but 
its correlated object can satisfy. Also the satisfac- 
tion is for a brief period. Desire, appetite, is a 
recurrent feeling, the feeling impelling to a definite 
process. All process is reinforced, as the great river 
is fed from the rising springs and small streams. 

All related force being double-sided, gains or losses 
of values arise in correlation; with living force it 
psycho-physical relationship. 

The queen bee, specially nourished, develops ma- 
ternal functions ; drones and workers, like automatic 
action constitutionally impelled, with the advancing 
necessities of the growing hive, also develop their 
special functions in adapted demand and supply. 

The physical may initiate mutual advance. Struc- 
ture guided in the primary unites, mind remaining 
latent age after ages, while the physical works on- 
ward; the physical correlates of each latent mind 
might forever remain in the physical plane with no 
injustice done, no discontent and effective service 
rendered. 

Intelligent mind, however belated and slowly 
evolved by almost imperceptible changes, even after 
life has dawned, widening into many grades of con- 
sciousness — all of which must lead the physical and 
become the only finite initiators of changes, above 
and beyond physical changes, mind, feeling of all 
kinds — must lead motion of all kinds. Motion and 
feeling are primarily conditioned to arise together 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 119 

with real dependent meanings. The immediate per- 
ception of relations obviously unites them in a class. 
Inherited tendencies include the structural adapta- 
tions, by a perfectly accurate stroke to a given 
point, as when the solitary wasp paralyzes food to be 
eaten alive by its unborn offspring or the direct 
flight of a honey-laden bee to its hive, includes direct 
immediate perceptions. Sight or insight, it is a 
definite individual apprehension, a related structural 
direction, or both acting in correspondence. In- 
stinctive action is immediate. 

The uniting bond may be called inherently deriva- 
tive from the Absolute, even in related structures. 
No two substances or processes become one for even 
the briefest time, unless they unite as equals in 
every phase of their union. If they cannot, they 
mutually turn aside, generally with indifference; in 
cases of excited action with positive repulsion. The 
claim is that the mutually shared impulse, the in- 
stinct in matter it might be called with but little 
exaggeration, the mutual impulse in opposite forces, 
either unites them or prevents their union, as they 
are adapted or non-adapted. Attractions and re- 
pulsions are equally the products of cooperative 
forces. Every material change is the product of 
opposed cooperative, immediately fitted or unfitted 
to enter into direct alliances. 

In other words, all of Nature's least units are 
conditioned by mutual relationship and mutual non- 



120 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

relationship, and every possible process is some kind 
and degree of cooperation produced by correspond- 
ing activities in distinct individualities. 

The least unit is itself structurally differentiated, 
that is, self-balanced, in parts and as a whole; and 
all of its activities necessitate continuous united bal- 
ance or else refusal to cooperate in all unions of all 
kind. 

Delicacy, refinement, magnanimity, sympathy, 
good will in all of its manifestations, even at the 
expense of self-sacrifice, like the beautiful in all of 
its enchanting phases, are the natural outgrowths 
of adaptations, and their shared activities. The 
best indicates itself and becomes accepted. " Ever 
the truth comes uppermost and ever is justice done," 
because everything has been made on that principle. 
Results inevitably follow causes, so that the wrong 
course brings the undesirable, the right course the 
desirable. The universe, from its center to its cir- 
cumference, in every item of it has been constructed 
on exactly that principle. It is the principle of per- 
fectly just but pervadingly generous relativity in all 
psychophysical worthy partnerships. And perver- 
sity, blind as it tries to be, faces its own defects in 
all wrong conduct. Mind cannot sin quite blindly. 

Instinct must be something more than habit inher- 
ited for generation after generation. 

The instinct that takes the honey-laden bee, after 
it has zigzagged in every direction in its honey seek- 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 121 

ing, in a straight line to its hive, and teaches the 
solitary wasp to paralyze without killing the living 
food made ready for its unborn children with unerring 
precision, needs more than habit inherited as tend- 
ency or otherwise. 

Nature's cooperations in all of their phases illus- 
trate the perfection of an ever-moving equilibrium. 
There must be in some creatures a remarkable in- 
stinctive sense of just where the balance in opposed 
directions can be found and utilized. This sense of 
direction must be an immediate perception, something 
like the insight which enables us to recognize logical 
thought relationships. 

There is a sense of immediate relative direction. 
Ours is a sense of immediate mutual connectiveness. 

When life, and its living modes, feelings, come into 
action, the structural impulses are not abated, but 
there is added the imperative of an individual life 
impulse either active on one side or on both sides of 
the process, when two or more living individuals be- 
come concerned in any cooperation. We all know 
that individual attractions and repulsions are gen- 
erally mutual, and that a comparative state of neg- 
ative or indifferent feeling is the usual relationship 
which exists between ourselves and the majorities of 
those whom we casually meet. Almost any special 
incident intervening brings us nearer or drives us 
more or less consciously apart. 

Briefly, constructive relationship is an ever-active 



122 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

cooperation of diverse forces. The relative is a com- 
pletely systematized interaction and action is as con- 
tinuous in the relative as it must be in the non- 
relative. 

The intuitives of self-balancing in ourselves when 
anything tends to disturb us, as a blow or a shove, 
the quick closing of an eyelid against any danger, 
the putting out of a hand to guard ourselves, is re- 
peated in every tree, to some extent in everything 
that lives. It is the instinctive sense of self -pro- 
tection while still maintaining organic balance. 
When a fall results, that, like larger catastrophes, 
forcibly readjusts the threatened equilibrium. 

With the advent of the mammals the mother be- 
comes the medium of food supply. The instincts of 
parental love and social sympathies have correspond- 
ingly developed. Most animals become gregarious 
and manifest their various types of intelligence with 
a corresponding diminution of the merely physical 
instincts. 

At every stage the physical and the mental have 
unfolded together, have unfolded in some kind of 
mutual dependence. It remains to decide the nature 
of that dependence. Do mind and matter each work 
independently on parallel lines, yet working towards 
the same results, or when mind (intelligent life) has 
grown responsible enough to take the directive guid- 
ance of matter, is it correlated with an atomic body 



LIFE, MIND AND ORGANISM 123 

of its own, a true mind-matter unit? 

Does this atomic, indivisible body, the Soma, medi- 
ate between its mind and the organism, and the or- 
ganism extend the psycho-physical correspondences 
to the surrounding environment and the immediate 
environment thence onward to the outermost bounds 
of interactive partnerships? 

There is no question as to the facts indicated. 
The subject matter is purely a problem to be solved, 
a vast body of facts to be interpreted. 

The parallel between insight into the relationships 
of abstract mathematics and logic, and the appar- 
ently immediate perceptions of material relation- 
ships manifested in insects and birds and in some de- 
gree by all animals including mankind, to me seem 
unmistakably kindred and grounded in the physical 
constitution of Nature's least units. It is a prac- 
tical recognition of relationships, a sense of the rela- 
tivity in finite forces. 

This sense of relations, like the other senses, in- 
creasingly used at every stage of progress; they all 
usually increase by almost imperceptible stages and 
variations from the vegetable to the animal; and 
with each advance there is usually also the division 
of functions with the corresponding increase in or- 
gan-forming. 

With every type of physical gain arises the re- 
lated sensibilities, first apparently the lowest types 
of mere desires, like the craving for food, the satis- 



124 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

faction when Nature directly supplies it to that type 
of digestion, then recurring demands. 

Reproduction by division, by budding, by roots, 
by flowering and seeding in plants ; has nearly paral- 
lel modes in animals as long as the food supply is 
abundant and needs little or no exertion in seeking 
it. The minute animals increase in size, many be- 
come amphibious. The great lizards and their kin 
sprawl about everywhere, huge and sluggish or com- 
bative with few desires, few differences because they 
have few motions impelling to new attainments. 

With drier land, trees and shrubs increase in size 
and kinds, insects and birds take higher forms, more 
symmetrical and beautiful forms, higher instincts, 
increased activities. 



IX 
MAKING A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 

IN the beginning of Nature all of its activities 
were potential. Its structure and its endow- 
ments were put in relations, the methods of all ac- 
tivities were determined. Everything was ready to 
begin ; but the whole scheme of relative activities was 
to be a progressive ongoing, not at all a completed 
universe finished and set to running, like a clock need- 
ing only occasionally to be wound up. That theory 
of Creation would be in everything out of accord with 
the facts. The large and completed masses all 
waited to be formed. 

There is no question about that much. Life on 
earth did not appear until preparations had been 
going on for ages and ages to get the earth ready 
for the convenience and use of life and mind. 

Probably for one reason matter and its struc- 
turally balanced modes of motion were quite able to 
do the desirable work and they were to become so 
firmly established on a basis of equal action and re- 
action, that nothing could arise to disturb the uni- 
versal equipoise. That much could be best secured 

through exact mathematical relationships. 

125 



1£6 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

When the simplest related processes began, they 
steadily increased in complex interactivities. Di- 
verse relative substances were formed, each type 
evolving its new properties. Masses of many sorts 
accumulated, systems of worlds slowly took size and 
shape and began their diurnal and annual rounds 
repeatedly, carrying with them their wonderfully 
differentiated contents. Gravitation held them all 
in place or sent on their appointed pathways — all 
the growth of cooperation. 

Lo ! it was done — a universe, a material universe, 
all of its structure-guided partnerships of ever bal- 
anced motion had done their appointed work success- 
fully. 

The materials used were changeless, ever-existing 
substance and ever-achieving force with its new pro- 
cesses and properties, also called substances. Now 
the same Mind which had wrought the miracle so far 
was to introduce force of a new relative type. Feel- 
ing was not to replace motion but to work in coor- 
dination with motion, to engage in different and 
higher kinds of work and yet to so adapt itself to 
the advance already made that in material things it 
might carry forward and increase physical progress 
and in doing this would successfully unfold its own 
living Nature and become itself the gainer of an ever- 
accumulating, self-appreciating experience. A per- 
sonal consciousness, which might introduce endless 
series of living, felt, ever widening values as the 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 127 

recompense for helping in an otherwise magnificent, 
already accomplished, great automatic work. This 
was surely something to strive for. It was the acme 
of the whole scheme. 

But, like matter, it must begin at the zero of ac- 
tion, of personal life. There must come to each life 
the first faint quaver of sensibility, and the quality 
of the life each one must attain depends upon its 
cooperative, material helpers. Relative life was born 
to a life of mutually depending relationships. If 
an heir to a living consciousness, it must be a con- 
sciousness in perfect adaptation to its surroundings, 
and of the type of life to which opportunity entitled 
it. Could Mind-absolute become mind-relative other- 
wise ? 

At the beginning, life, like matter, had no choice, 
perhaps never attained to any. If it never became 
burdened by conscious responsibilities , it also would 
have gained no intelligence, no burden of regrets, dis- 
satisfactions or remorse. Like everything else, so 
every life was fitted to its station, all of its require- 
ments justly, mercifully supplied. Intelligence 
gained, its destiny was put into one's own hands. 

Though mutual partnership individualizes the cor- 
relates, the social need of interaction is the only 
means through which processes can be carried on- 
ward and be equally imperative with personal action. 

Co-working provision impelled to the formation of 
the inorganic masses. Feeling impels still more to 



128 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

the production of the organic body, as force in feel- 
ing is more imperative than force in motion. The 
more intense the feeling, the greater the impulse to 
realize its desires, as rapid motion is more efficient 
than a slower motion; so of feeling. 

Throughout the whole range of changes when life 
has once gained its place in the scale of ongoing, 
feeling and motion work together in a true corres- 
pondence of modes, slow feelings with slow move- 
ments, rapid feelings with rapid movements. In 
every phase of their cooperations they vary together 
in modes like true correlates. 

As relatively created, it is certain that as matter 
has done all of its work in correlations, matter with 
matter, so mind must work in correlation with other 
minds, each unit of mind like each unit of matter, as 
primarily conditioned mind with mind in its atomic 
constitution. 

What then should prevent our acceptance of the 
conclusion that mind and matter are potentionally 
correlated in every least unit of Nature? Every 
other known process is relative throughout. Why 
not this? 

Wherever the ends in view can be best secured 
without the intervention of related feeling, Infinite 
Wisdom has conditioned matter to carry on its far 
reaching purpose by the best, simplest, possible, and 
the most economical methods. 

Let us at least assume as an hypothesis that in 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 129 

each primitive atomic structure insensate (possibly 
not wholly insensate) matter was conditioned to take 
the lead in universe making — chiefly a work of ag- 
gregations, of different substances ; but when all is 
prepared for the evolution of personal minds in each 
unit where mind in any degree is to be awakened, 
the two non-convertible types of action — each type 
now doing its own part in every associated action — 
the unit becomes a living mind-matter unit, a psycho- 
physical true individuality. 

Mind at once begins to do its own work, but by 
no means in isolation. The mind-matter unit lives ; 
but the feeling is in the mind correlate, the motion 
in the matter correlate. Henceforth, all changes are 
to be doubly phased by simultaneous mind and mat- 
ter correlation in one and the same process. 

The great new achievements are to be still more 
closely allied as a social, many-phased partnership 
than it was in the union of matter with matter in 
material masses. There, each combined unit as- 
sumed its changed properties, always the same in 
kind in all like compounds, to drop them again when 
decompounded. 

Now, with the added life, the earliest, new- 
formed, compound mass is a living cell. Each unit 
seems to have helped to quicken its cell into nascent 
life. The cell absorbs nutriment, which adds sub- 
stance to its physical structure, and to its cor- 
responding double-phased unit of motor-feeling. 



130 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

The entire cell takes part in the process of digestion, 
assimilation, growth and reproduction-divisions into 
independent new cells. 

Mechanical matter, the senseless product of ap- 
plied mathematics and logic — a bundle of uniting 
angles is transformed into living flesh and curves. 
The crystal has become almost as soft and plastic 
as the water or air, both of which enter conspicuously 
into all organisms. The little cells breathe, live, 
multiply, apparently begin as necessity impels them, 
to feel the advantages to be gained from union of 
effort with division of duties. Some cells remain 
united, one set attends to the digestion, another to 
food absorption, etc. Step by step, tiny, very tiny 
moves onward, new organs begin to specialize. The 
still unknowing eager life is not left to grope its un- 
known way unaided by automatic stable firmness. 
The plants that are to become shrubs and trees take 
roots, organize trunks and limbs of more solid sub- 
stances. Water plants lengthen and float or sink to 
adapted levels and go on continuously as they do to 
this day, producing the transformations between 
minerals and vegetables. 

At the same time animal life, with its methods of 
free locomotion, its adaptations to absorb and util- 
ize vegetable tissue, its growing instincts leading to 
the selection of the more desirable foods and to the 
utility, confirmed and made pleasantly satisfactory 
by habit, of division of labor, have increased the 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 131 

formation of more highly developed organs, and with 
the specialized organs the union into a higher and 
higher, more variously correlated interactive or- 
ganism. 

In these advancing animal organisms life has be- 
come mind; its degrees of sensation and perception 
have grown in perfect correlation with the growth 
of the organism; and the organism has grown and 
differentiated in correlation each with its environ- 
ment. 

We have come now into our own era. We are no 
longer wholly dependent upon past geological and 
other records for the knowledge of what has been. 
We have the testimony of our own perceptions and 
conceptions and the discoveries of other minds in re- 
gard to Nature, and its gainful processes can be 
made our own by proper mental assimilation. Of 
course, the earth is the world whose mental-material 
world-making we are privileged to study close at 
hand, though we already know that other worlds are 
made of about the same materials as our own and are 
often largely modifying circumstances. 

As of the relative, judging from their structural 
constitution, are mind and matter in each primary 
unit one and indivisible? They are. 

If based upon and inseparable as a part of abso- 
lute Being this to me seems to be the inevitable con- 
clusion. It carries with it the possibility that all 
units of relative being, all units of matter, sometime 



132 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

may unfold a long waiting personal consciousness. 
That inference recognizes a potentiality, though not 
by any means an innate necessity. Possibilities are 
not all realized. Matter derived from Mind by a 
progressive process, that possibility is presumable, 
legitimate. 

Ever-existing Unity is not itself of the relative; 
it has produced the relative. Its activities are not 
motions. It has produced methods which necessi- 
tates motions as modes of relative material activity. 
It has produced a feeble consciousness in every rela- 
tive being which has attained to individual life, and 
an increasing consciousness with intelligence, self- 
recognition and volition in varying degrees in the 
more advanced lives which have attained a distinct, 
ever-increasing, personal consciousness. All of these 
acquiring stages of growth have been won by the cor- 
related help of many co-workers, most of them ma- 
terial, automatic and unconscious of the invaluable 
assistance which they are giving. There is no men- 
tal-material process in which many, many appar- 
ently unconscious material automata are not taking 
a prominent share. Their special help seems desir- 
able, indispensable. 

The utility of automatic action is self-evident; it 
is convincingly illustrated by machines of human in- 
vention. Do we not often realize how much mental 
friction one little pin ready at hand can save us 
when we are weary or in haste? One great derrick 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 133 

can, with no sense of wrong or of fatigue, do the 
work of hundreds of human arms. 

Think, then, of the immeasurable gain which has 
resulted from the making of the inorganic universe, 
by an ever-advancing process of pure mechanism. 

Think of the advantages still available to all lives 
and minds from the automatic and semi-automatic 
action of the semi-detached organs of every organ- 
ism. Could our gentle domestic cows lie down in 
quiet enjoyment chewing their comforting cuds after 
cropping the abundant grass, if they were obliged 
to superintend all of the digestive and circulating 
processes of their lazy ease-loving bodies? 

For humanity, what progress could have been 
made in social, mental or moral gains if each one of 
us had been so narrowly conditioned that we must 
look to the action of every pulse of the heart, follow 
every drop of blood on its winding way all through 
the whole organism and see that exactly the prop- 
erly adapted elements entered into heart, liver, lungs, 
eyes, ears, etc. ; that every organ and structure kept 
just near enough to ancestral forms and dimensions, 
and still was enabled to assume the slight differen- 
tiations that constitute individuality; and perhaps 
one least integer of advance in type? 

This division of the discussion is fascinating, but 
the proposed length of this Essay will allow only a 
bird's-eye view of each division with an attempt to 
indicate the more essential allied points in ever-wid- 



134 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ening, cooperative processes. This one fact, that 
relative process is an ever-expanding, inherently dif- 
ferentiated ongoing and that in its primary con- 
stitution the endowed structure at the right crisis 
evolves each needed type of work and each phase 
of individuality in its own unit, all without a 
pause or a break, and by an ever-growing method 
equal to the amazing task imposed upon it, is the 
crowning marvel as well as the crowning value of 
Creation itself. It immeasurably more than justi- 
fies the infinite wisdom and good will which, instead 
of living forever within its own infinity, gave to each 
one of its myriads of dependants, all of them as- 
suredly an opportunity for great usefulness, and to 
countless other myriads the responsible opportunity 
to emulate the goodness and the helpful good will 
and wisdom even of Infinity itself, in the endless 
outreach of eternal life. But the future is a sealed 
book. 

As to direct relations between interactions within 
each unit which has attained to life or mind, my 
first appeal is to the personal experience of each 
reader. In lifting a heavy weight and then a light 
one, is there not a distinctly different feeling in the 
two efforts? One feeling is undoubtedly larger than 
the other, requires more conscious, real experience 
than the other. When we taste a few grains of 
sugar there is the perfect sugar taste. If we take 
a heaping teaspoonful, the taste is the same in qual- 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 135 

ity but so greatly increased in quantity that it may 
even be disagreeable, a feeling of too much of a good 
thing. In a similar way, a musical sound in the 
same key may be delightful, if it comes with a cer- 
tain degree of strength or spoken by a sweet voice ; 
but chilling, startling, when over loud or in a sud- 
den burst of sound. The Soma vibrates, its mind 
feels. 

Almost every emotion, especially very strong emo- 
tion, enters into the human voice and into the voices 
of animals that utter sounds of pleasure or distress. 
The difference is fully recognized by the hearer. The 
gardener feels and knows what he is doing and why 
he is doing it when he scatters fertilizer and rakes 
it into the ground around his plants ; he has no feel- 
ing of the correlation between the fertilizer and the 
growth of his plants. 

The modes of motion in the sugar taken up by the 
mind's material correlate remain motion in that ma- 
terial phase of the mental-material unit, its Soma, 
its true body ; but the instantaneous mental response 
is feeling. Modes of motion and modes of feeling 
are the two correlates in the indissoluble least unit 
of Nature, either potentially or actually. The mind 
recognizes that internal correspondence, it recog- 
nizes both the feeling of quality and of quantity. By 
practice it can give a marvelously accurate esti- 
mate of both, as illustrated by the tasters of teas, 
wines, and other commercial goods. 



136 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

The other point is, that when the mind-matter unit 
reaches the line of division between itself and an- 
other or others, there personal feeling ceases ; its 
causation goes on, the process goes on, but another 
correlation carries on the work. The plants and the 
plant food cooperate in the building of the plant 
structures. 

A mind feels, almost unconsciously recognizes, the 
difference between its mental responses, its mental 
initiatives (thoughts and feelings) and its physical 
efforts. They are all differentiated in kind. The 
interrelated method under which they severally arise, 
often simultaneously, so outlines process that their 
diversities may be fully recognized only in their 
unity. Most correlations are several fold. 

The plant, like lower types of matter and higher 
types of life, everywhere does its own work in its 
own way. 

" Man, beast and thing, reacts in character, 
One's deeds, his children, in his image born." 

I have seen a hotfse, lately watered at a town foun- 
tain, tired and eager to reach the stable where there 
is a rest and food, when driven to the roadside and 
halted by a little stream of water flowing under a 
bridge, stamp and sniff in unmistakable dissatisfac- 
tion, not to say resentment and anger, and I have 
seen the same horse drink eagerly at that stream 
when thirsty. 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 137 

All of the physical senses have their parallel lines 
of communication between the mind and the outer 
world, but they are the lines leading in and out 
through the organism. The ingoing line mediates 
between the presenting object and the receiving 
mind, the other between the initiating mind and the 
object. When one speaks with intention he is re- 
sponsible for the sound; but the sound is literally 
produced by the movements of the organ of speech; 
he hears it as a noise, a feeling. So does every other 
mind. It is the mind that puts the meaning of the 
sound into the movements. One deaf and dumb, but 
skilled in reading the movements of the lips, can de- 
termine the meaning, can decide whether a solitary 
sound is a cry of pleasure or distress, by mentally 
recorrelating the motions of the lips and face, he 
can interpret the meaning of an entire conversation. 

One deaf, dumb and blind, but with a keen per- 
ception of the differentiated varieties of vibratory 
action, can fairly produce by initiatives the neces- 
sary correlated movements and become so skillful in 
spoken language that, like Helen Keller, she may 
become a reasonably successful lecturer. This 
proves that thought is mind-matter correlated action. 

Of course there must be a long progressive cor- 
relation of agreement between teacher and pupil as 
to the corresponding meanings between the varied 
movements and the responding feelings. All the 
same, every phase of sound vibration has its corres- 



188 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ponding phase of sound feelings, in spoken language. 

Does it need anything more to assure us that the 
unit of mind and matter is in absolute accord with 
itself and its kind and degree of development ? It is a 
constitutionally created unit, and its methods of evo- 
lution are psycho-physical in every detail. 

But proof itself is manifold, and is in its diversity 
so great that it seems best illustrated as spread out 
almost over the whole of this discussion. Language 
at its plainest must be interpreted, for human agree- 
ments as to meanings can never hope to equal Na- 
ture's unchanging correlations. 

The telephone is a purely vibratory structure. 
The speaker at the one end communicates vibrations 
to the other, the hearer receives them ; but the speaker 
puts his meaning into the sound vibrative and the 
hearer retranslates the message into the meaning 
which was feeling, enfolded in the material tremors. 
The telegraph sends its messages simultaneously both 
ways along parallel lines oppositely directed and 
without collision of any sort between either the lines 
or the messages, which they carry onward and de- 
liver with lightning speed. The intermediating lines 
are the common carriers and are essential to all com- 
munications except those within the correlated units. 
Where the mind feels, its Soma vibrates simultane- 
ously. 

The Soma is as needful for interaction between 
the leading mind and the rest of the organism as be- 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 139 

tween mind and outside environment when the or- 
ganism is in a normal condition, more needful when 
the organism is in abnormal action and partially dis- 
sociated, for then the material Soma, by associating 
itself with the automata — all of them doing their 
work with as much precision as ever and for the best 
possible advantage under then existing circumstances 
— holds the mind as fully and consistently as possible 
with such parts of the organism as can be made avail- 
able. Without its material correlate and without the 
automatic help of some of the more important or- 
gans, the mind would be helpless, as it now is in ex- 
treme emergencies, like those which produce insan- 
ity. The Soma seems to be the transmitting medium 
in every process, direct or indirect, in which mind 
participates, and that process is a balanced psycho- 
physical ongoing, the mind and its Soma doing a 
fair share of the work. 

In absentmindedness — which usually means when 
the mind is trying to do more than one thing at the 
same time — and a familiar process is well begun, the 
Soma completes that process, giving very little of its 
energy to the subject with which the mind is almost 
wholly occupied. 

Can a solitary instance be given where automatic 
writing, piano-playing or any similar performance 
has not been directly in the line of the mental habit 
or is the result of a suggestion made to the mind 
from outside? It is claimed that the automatic re- 



140 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

suit is always the following up of a mental initiative. 
The Soma by enlisting some of the available organic 
automata carries on the work to a finish while it is 
still lending service to the more largely mental oc- 
cupation of its correlate. 

Doubtless it is difficult to prove a proposition like 
this and further discussion of this theory will be 
more fitting in the following section. It is necessary 
here only to call to our minds that pure automatic 
action, so far as the dominant mind is concerned, does 
have a most important share of the normal work of 
every organism. Most of the inner organs and their 
functions have a very indirect cooperative with the 
mind. The heart pumps the blood, the liver secretes, 
the stomach digests, etc. The mind has no direct 
action in concern with such processes so long as 
everything works smoothly. 

The world that life, mind and organism are build- 
ing in correlation is the everyday world we live in, 
is mainly on the surface of the earth and water and 
the surrounding atmosphere, and the buildings are 
chiefly the bodies of men, animals, and plants. So 
many of these have lived and died that the surface 
of the planet on an average for several feet in depth 
has been very largely changed from mineral to vege- 
table substances. Growing vegetation can make good 
use of this heterogeneous strata of soil as food for 
new growth. 

There is no waste, no real destruction in Nature. 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 141 

Every change helps every other change, each rela- 
tive substance is grounded upon some prior sub- 
stance. 

Each organism illustrates this mutual dependence. 

Organic life is less permanent on the whole than 
inorganic masses without life; both are working 
combinations, but the internal tensions of matter 
hold their masses almost without friction. An or- 
ganism, a combination of feelings and motions both 
far more rapid in action, more continuously chang- 
ing partners and more varied in their modes, the 
marvel is that the ever substituting tottering or- 
ganic firm is so long maintained. 

Never exactly the same for two hours in succes- 
sion, it is more a unit of many phased processes than 
it is a unit of substance. As substance, it is much 
in evidence; as process, it is unseen though not un- 
felt by the participating mind. Mind in all of the 
earlier stages of the acquiring consciousness is not 
largely analytic, nor given to prolonged investiga- 
tion. 

The result is that the tangible ever-presenting 
form has been taken as the principal representative 
of organization. When the form breaks up and the 
elements are scattered, the observer stands appalled, 
believing or fearing that all is lost ; that mind, never 
seen, never fully appreciated, the nature of its sov- 
ereignty not comprehended — that it may have been 
snuffed out like a lighted candle, becomes the super- 



lm THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ficial terror. 

The eternity of process has not been a current 
teaching. The indestructibility of matter has been 
investigated, tested, and admitted. Physical science 
has too easily held the field. Religion has believed 
that sublime poetry is commonplace fact, that God 
spake and it was done, Creation completed; at any 
rate six days instead of sixty-six times (66) cen- 
turies and more completed the original creative pro- 
cess and organic life began. 

A clear distinction between the actor and the ac- 
tion, science and philosophy have equally failed to 
make. The practical necessities of business, the 
actual use of measured force without which no ac- 
curate or successful mechanical work could be done, 
has brought force as an abstract power into a promi- 
nence which should belong only to changeless enti- 
ties, not to an ever-changing process of a property, 
of an entity absolute and in amount changeless as 
force must be. Action is as essential as substance; 
its processes as never ending and substance without 
force would be a practical nonentity. 

Force as working total is changeless; but in 
its activities, is the ever-changing action with which 
mankind everywhere is brought face to face. The 
organism presents the highest, the most complicated 
type of force process. If we can become convinced 
that process of all types in nature and in action is 
as unending as Being, as substantial Ever-existence, 



A PSYCHO-PHYSICAL WORLD 143 

we can no longer fear that finite feeling, once it has 
gained a place in Nature's evolutionary scale, can 
ever again drop out of activity, out of an eternal ac- 
tivity. 

The organic manipulation of food cannot be sup- 
posed to divide the primary units which become or- 
ganized. The molecules are broken up and re- 
adapted. All primary units remain intact every- 
where, and in all combinations and cooperations in- 
organic and organic. 

The organic molecule has more elements and is 
less definite both in the numbers and the kinds of 
its elements than inorganic molecules. Differences 
arise with unlike conditions. 

The voluntary choice in the selection of food, at 
least in all of the higher organism, seems to belong 
in some degree to the entire elaborative and assimi- 
lative processes, so that the chemist is somewhat baf- 
fled in trying to decide what is normal and what ab- 
normal in the organic constitution. The impossibil- 
ity either of analyzing or synthesizing during life 
is another factor in difficult process of biological and 
psychological investigation. 

But there can be no good reason why organic units 
or organic process, which is a cooperation of units, 
should be broken up at physical death, which is the 
natural breaking up of a partnership when it is no 
longer found satisfactory. 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 

ALL essential existence, absolute or relative en- 
tities, have one inseparable property, Force, 
which produces all changes of all varieties. 

Every relative being is an indivisible entity with 
many correlated faculties actual or potential which 
when in active correspondence may be checked by 
more or less antagonism, interior or exterior, so that 
their cooperations must either be modified or halted. 
The check, inter-active in kind, may arise within the 
primary unit or exterior to it. Thus mental feelings 
very unlike in kinds, as an absorbing process of rea- 
soning or a deep interest in any important transac- 
tion, must negative any unimportant or pleasantly 
frivolous interest. Here the mind's Soma is needed 
to intervene to maintain the general equilibrium be- 
tween the mind and its organism and keep the gen- 
eral organic processes in continuous cooperation. The 
mind, if only a mind unit, would be incapacitated for 
complete supervision and cooperation, while the 
Soma, on the one side taking its cue from the mind 

and on the other working automatically with the 

144 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 145 

organic automata, is exactly adapted to do the best 
possible to be achieved under all similar circum- 
stances. 

The ever-existing property, Force, inseparable 
both from absolute and relative existences, is 
also inseparable from all processes ; it is in 
everything which has reality of any kind, whether 
that entity is Being, a property or a proc- 
ess of being; it is as true a property of the relative 
as of the absolute. That absolute and universal 
property is Force, but in the nature of things it can- 
not be a genuine abstract. 

The modes of force-action must be as radically un- 
like in the absolute and in the relative, as inferior 
in kind and less in degree as a relative unit and its 
correlates are infinitesimal in comparison with infin- 
ity. 

Every new combination of substance produces a 
new correlation of properties which continue so long 
as that working combination continues. The new 
manifested property arises as the union of opposed 
unlike force processes, is alike in all like combina- 
tions and ceases to be "whenever that combination is 
disunited. The combined substances are temporarily 
one, also their united processes appear as one pres- 
entation of property; the active forces have become 
one united force in one united tension; we see them 
as substance by sense perceptions ; they are spe- 
cialized substance, but their forces are internally 



146 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

working in mutual opposed correlation and in many 
ways can be proved still to exist and to act in un- 
broken continuity. 

It has been held that force is separable from 
substance; but that claim has never been proved. 
What mode of force has ever been separated from 
material of some kind? What material has ever 
been proved to have been robbed of its own quota of 
inherent force? 

Substances exchange modes of force. — That mu- 
tual exchange is their constitutional method of ob- 
taining new modes of process. 

Burning, cremation, scatters both substance and 
force ; does it separate them ? A pile of cinders and 
other left-overs after intense heat, may seem worth- 
less and forceless. Have they been proved to be so? 
Heat can be obtained at any time from any sub- 
stance by friction; and every substance seems to 
possess an unlimited amount of heat, given the 
adapted modes of producing it, its possibilities are 
there. Given the right methods of producing, every 
mode of force seems unlimited. Has any substance 
ever lost its force? 

The Sun is losing radiated energy, has it been 
proved that it is losing force? For centuries elec- 
tricity was unknown as a mode of force, mighty as 
it now proves itself to be. Now it is not only found 
to exist but other modes of force are transformed 
into it. 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 147 

The moon is called a dead world; but it is able 
to produce orderly continuous ebb and flow of our 
ocean tides; it does its fair share of the work in all 
world partnerships and its own motions go onward 
in repeated cycles far more closely alike than our 
own repeated memories. 

If force is a property of every substance, not an 
entity by itself, it must be under the guidance and 
control of any substance to which it immediately per- 
tains ; its activities must arise in correspondence with 
the changes of its own substance and also in corre- 
spondence with its associate workers. 

Matter, guiding its forces by structural condi- 
tions, co-working forces are as adaptable as their 
structures. When Will, which is force allied to liv- 
ing feeling of some kind and degree, with selective 
instincts or voluntary selective intelligence, it follows 
the lead of the special stage and state of the life or 
mind to which it belongs. If this is true, outside of 
absolute Being, there is no absolute free will and Will 
like every other property of relative being works in 
coordinated relationships. The freedom is mind 
freedom, Will the selective factor. 

Two very different meanings attach to the term 
relative. The " merely relative " means the common 
comparative measure of some quality of two or more 
things where the property on either side is not 
definitely determined; it does not attempt to find 
anything more than a proportionate relativity. 



148 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

The applied principle which correlates everything in 
Nature has an entirely different function. Whether 
we do or do not perceive and comprehend Nature's 
allied facts of all kinds, under like conditions, they 
are always alike in kind. Constructive correlation 
has like action everywhere. 

The truth embodied in the universe does not de- 
pend upon our knowledge of it. Truth is as essen- 
tially changeless amidst all of its changes as absolute 
Being and absolute force. Force process is as per- 
sistently continuous, as ever-existent Being and rel- 
ative beings and their processes are absolute sub- 
stance and absolute process derivatives. They are 
absolute substance narrowed by added relations. 
They limit, individualize and specialize each being 
and all of its changes. 

This means that every life and mind must control 
and does control its own Will and that it is free to 
do this; it places the emphasis of action upon each 
personality and reduces the Will to one faculty or 
property of life and mind. All properties are 
forceful. 

As some degree of self-consciousness seems to 
arise very early in animal life and volition manifested 
in the selection of food is the earliest indication of 
a will and seems to belong even to plant life, I shall 
discuss the action of the Will in its relations to per- 
sonal minds. Minds like matter have class varia- 
tions and personal ones, but Force is the all-com- 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 149 

prehensive, unresting action of every mind, infinite 
or finite. In ever-existing Mind it must be treated 
as the absolute active property. In finite minds it 
is the associated action in every property of each 
mind. Nothing is done, can be done, without the 
help of force — the one essential principle in all 
changes. 

Matter may exchange equal quantities with unlike 
qualities and any two substances may unite in widen- 
ing and raising variations by their united process. 
Like attention, force is the necessary accompaniment 
of all feelings because feelings of all types are men- 
tal changes. 

Mind with its increasingly many conscious neces- 
sities and its corresponding efforts to obtain what 
it needs or desires, and its constitutional freedom to 
seek for whatever it wishes to obtain, by joint hered- 
ity and practice may educate its Will to act in 
thousands of different ways. Each characteristic 
mental trait may have its own innings, though not 
all at once, when there is any opposition or diverse 
feeling. If a mind has a decided character, good 
or bad, that character will take the leading control 
of the Will's activity. The child will act as a child. 
There will be far less difference between the conduct 
of children and that of grown people who have been 
developing their will power in diverse ways. 

The Will may be defined as the force of volition, 
the selective force of a living personal consciousness. 



150 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

The Personal Will is the voluntary principle active 
in its consciousness. Will has the selection of 
all values of every sort ; but it is the dependent prop- 
erty of a living authoritative consciousness, and each 
mind is constitutionally accumulating diversities of 
personal experiences which more or less dominate the 
volitions. Every new cooperation with unlike ma- 
terial processes or with other minds, which have 
acquired a consciousness unlike its own, adds, broad- 
ens or confirms its prior experiences. Thus each 
personal consciousness is constantly increasing. 

The Will must act in correspondence with some 
phase of the immediate personal desire. 

In other words, it is the whole personality of the 
psycho-physical unit which has a practical freedom 
of choice of values or between values. The actual 
choosing by the Will is a force process. The Will 
is mind-decision, and the deciding factor in all de- 
sires, and decisive Will can do much in almost any 
direction. 

As a mental determination to desire and choose 
something outside of itself, there is no limit to the 
Will. The physical disabilities may prevent the car- 
rying out of the Will's decisions. Matter never 
wavers one jot or tittle from the square deal in the 
effort to promote the Will's volitions. The strong 
Will in a feeble body may eat out its own heart as 
helpless as a baby, and a weak Will in a strong body 
may change its decisions oftener than a weather- 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 151 

cock. A healthy body and mind in harmonious 
action can do almost anything which the mind per- 
sistently undertakes to do. Such minds remove 
mountains, divide continents and are changing the 
face of the whole earth. Active matter is ever at the 
service of active corresponding mind and Will has 
casting vote. 

Each mind is a field of perpetual questioning — 
shall it be this or that? The character of the mind 
itself decides the activities of the Will. A low and 
weak type of character yields to the paltry tempta- 
tions of the moment, sacrificing the nobler possibili- 
ties. 

A vain and pig-headed Will can be cultivated at 
the expense of noble impulses until nothing seems 
worth while compared with having one's own way, hit 
or miss ; to that temper of mind everything is sure 
to be a mental and moral jumble. Good sense is es- 
sential to a good will. The custom of dividing an 
indivisible mind into faculties, each with a nearly in- 
dependent function, then debating whether the Will 
is wholly independent in itself is an outgrowth of the 
custom, sacred both to theory and practice of re- 
garding force so exclusively in the abstract. Force 
is universal in every act and in every motive for ac- 
tion. 

One type of mentality has learned to look at every- 
thing with microscopic vision as something in itself, 
which it is, and forgetting that every finite being 



152 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

and action exists and acts in essential relations, which 
it does. The larger question is, Has mind a free 
will? and the still larger one, Is mind wholly a free 
mind? Not in a correlated universe, must be the an- 
swer. 

Is anything in a relative world an independent 
existence? To that last question all answer, no, no. 
Everything relative has arisen from a previous some- 
thing. Then why attempt to study things so exclu- 
sively as unities? And why doubt that some day a 
reasonable explanation of all existences will be forth- 
coming? 

Certainly no relative mind can be a wholly inde- 
pendent agent. Does finite mind remember where its 
life begins? A mere felt desire can hardly be called 
mind, but even that indicates a personality, for one 
must have some slight sense of a difference between 
the selected and the rejected. These first glimmer- 
ings of mind are certainly very low down on the scale 
of life. Even there are Force and Will. 

Will, the voluntary action of its mind almost 
every animal, proves that it has a Will of its own. 
It defends itself, which shows some sense of self- 
appreciation ; it develops some sort of structural 
defense and always of a kind adapted both to its 
own nature and to the nature of surroundings. Its 
defenses are also adapted to repel the kinds of dan- 
gers it is likely to encounter. 

The thorns and prickles of the jungle tend to drop 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 153 

away of their own accord wherever the conditions of 
a more savage life have been tamed and enemies 
diminished. Everything is given a fair opportunity 
in remarkable accord with the extent of its needs. 
To know it one must know its relationships. 

Every creature's self-defense is an exercise of its 
Will. The battles between animals are the clashing 
of opposing Wills. The mother's self-forgetfulness 
in her defense of her children is the dawning of a 
live social interest, destined to widen till it includes 
all life. All action is outgrowth from prior action. 

But mind without its basis in matter (and both 
their bases in the absolute mind) without its 
relations with matter as the executive of this rela- 
tionship could do nothing, absolutely nothing, by 
itself alone. In finite life no purely mental act is 
known or is knowable. I may also add that no 
purely material act is known or is knowable, for the 
thought of the Creator is embodied and so illustrated 
in the structures of Nature's least units that human 
mind can interpret it by a like process with that of 
the mental interpretation of any human made ma- 
chine, by means of its embodied thought correlations. 

The mutual dependence of the parts constitutes 
the whole unit ; and they also testify so clearly to the 
nature of their relationships, literally presenting 
the facts as all objects present themselves to mental 
perception, that these meanings can be read by any 
diligent, intelligent observer. The machine inter- 



154 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

prets, illustrates the thought of its inventor. 

Every organism is a living machine. True, it is 
so variously related that it is easily misread and no 
one can claim to have truly perceived its cooperating 
possibilities. 

One important conclusion must be accepted, that 
each organism considered as a process continuous 
from birth to death is a process largely carried on- 
ward in the interest of the one leading mind which 
gains its mental development in cooperation with 
that organism. 

Every animal asserts its own individuality. It 
acts exclusively of and for itself. The internal or- 
gans have an admitted living sense of their own, but 
like all physical service it is handed on to the ad- 
vantage of the one dominating mind and that mind 
uses the whole organism for its own advantage. 

What do all of the other co-workers gain? We 
do not know. We do know a great deal about the 
gain which comes to the one mind, to each mind of 
every type along the whole winding and dividing 
roadway from the plant to mankind. The wild ani- 
mal enjoys his wild, savage life, or his mild, gentle, 
plant-eating life; alike they pine and deteriorate in 
captivity. We know that everything has to become 
acclimated if removed to locations greatly differing 
from its customary surroundings, and that changed 
correlations must be established either to its advan- 
tage or its disadvantage, and that the process either 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 155 

way is a functional disturbance. We know that our 
domestic animals have no severe hardships, except 
such as are forced upon them by mankind. 

We know beyond question that Nature's normal 
correlations tend to health and happiness, that suc- 
cess depends upon keeping in close alliance with Na- 
ture's own adaptations and that excess anywhere of 
any kind tends to real loss and suffering. Excess 
even of the very best values breeds penalty, phys- 
ically, mentally and morally. 

Just here we find the indispensable need of bodily 
help for mind, for everything that lives, and the 
especial necessity for the meditation of the material 
correlate to actively help both mind and organism. 

Mind with its initiating freedom is a stimulus to 
material action and it might have been only a dis- 
turbing influence to matter's automatic orderliness; 
if all correlations had not been particularly adapted 
to prevent complications, perverse mind might work 
unlimited evil. 

Will, as voluntary action of its own mind, may 
choose whatever the mind consents to choose. So 
far it is absolutely free, but it can do nothing alone. 
The body in its most unhealthy condition cannot 
unsettle its own physical equilibrium. Then in a 
state of partial bodily dissociation, not of actual 
unbalance, what could the mind do if it had no Soma 
with its physical capabilities, ready to carry out the 
mind's wishes by allying itself to whatever physical 



156 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

helpers it can find ready to do the best possible 
things in the interest of the mind? The Soma as the 
executive impels its material helpers to complete any 
desirable process. How many things are discovered 
to have been done to the astonishment of every ab- 
sent-minded person? Such automatic achievements 
are in close connection with something which the un- 
occupied mind would have taken. The physical 
correlate supplements the psyche and invariably in 
the direction of the mental intentions, supplementing 
them. 

The two modes are not side by side, are not ex- 
changes, they are sharers in one identical process, 
the mind acting in modes of feeling, the Soma in 
modes of motion. Either may take the larger share 
of the work as the mind does in initiating changes. 
Between the mind matter correlates it is not as every- 
where else, equality of cooperating amounts ; it is the 
simple change of function within the inseparable 
unit. 

Perception, the relations between subject and ob- 
ject, is not a side-to-side process. It acts on one 
line of process either to or fro; but in perception, 
quantity of relations is strictly maintained. 

The organism, composed of many units, may be 
more or less dissociated. A partial cleavage may 
occur almost anywhere. Many rifts may form at 
the same time. Nothing short of full parting of the 
connective tissues which make the organism one 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 157 

working unity, can destroy that unity of cooperation 
within an organism as a whole. 

The mind is indivisible, is essentially unchange- 
able in substantial quantity while ever increasing in 
quality of new experiences. No one ever claimed 
personal identity was not intact, who did not confuse 
action and the actor, conscious gains with gain of 
changeless being, the personal entity which is change- 
less. 

Memory is a psycho-physical interaction. There 
is no organ of memory. We do not know precisely 
what the relations are between mind and organism 
in the recall of past events, into repetition, but every 
repetition is an event of itself. Each revolution of 
the earth is a new event, so is each recalled memory 
and the memory is not exactly like the original be- 
cause circumstances have changed. 

It is comforting poetry to claim that we can re- 
make past events into better ones ; but it is not good 
philosophy. Every action must stand for itself. 
Otherwise geology, astronomy, history of all types, 
would be falsified. Nature in the past has been too 
careful in preserving its records to tolerate inter- 
meddling between past and future, and Nature's 
actual work is all of it in the present, memory in- 
cluded. Process is presentation. 

Physical weakness of whatever kind impairs mem- 
ory. Loss of memory is the first indicative of fail- 



158 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ure from old age, and memory is often at fault, when 
the other activities are but little if at all impaired. 

The explanation is — the beginning of dissociation 
between those phases of the organism which relates 
it to memory. When the dissociation extends so far 
that other activities of mind are involved, so far as 
mind and organism are directly correlated, the mind 
can no longer work with perfect integrity in all nor- 
mal directions. Its failures must depend upon the 
character of the bodily lesions. The mind may still 
act with partial sanity, in extreme cases with an 
entire failure of normal thinking and feeling. The 
highest function of the organism is coordinated 
action with the mind, whether the coordination is di- 
rect or indirect interaction. 

Sleep is a natural provision made for periods of 
partial rest to all psycho-physical activities. The 
more active energies of plants and animals alike need 
rest. They all sleep. Some material activities 
seem to get tired, the tensions in general seem to be 
in states of comparative rest. In the sleep of man- 
kind, other things equal, the faculties most used by 
day rest by night, in general usage mind action 
in dreams is characteristically nonsensical. The 
higher faculties are resting in varying degrees. 

One's experience is never wholly in the limelight 
of active consciousness. Somehow and somewhere 
in the organism, at least ninety-nine-hundredths of 
our knowledge and experience is kept in peaceful 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 159 

seclusion until it is needed. 

When it is needed we find that it has been safely 
treasured. Often it is called up by some association, 
some anecdote, or connection of data, or to supply 
a present need. The more vivid the characteris- 
tic, the more readily it appears, and a name, which 
is only a representative of a real person or thing, is 
the most difficult to recall. 

All of this mind treasure comes up into conscious- 
ness from the subconscious, from near or within the 
domain of natural sleep. One can sometimes feel 
that a fact is standing on tiptoe at the door of con- 
sciousness eager to come in just before it is quite 
wanted ; it is evidently up and out of its little cradle. 
But what kind of a cradle? The suggestion is that 
tension not unlike that which holds action in other 
substances in apparent rest is holding these mental 
experiences in quiet rest. 

Hypnosis, an abnormal sleep, at the suggestion of 
the hypnotizer or another, seems able to recall past 
events of long standing. The subconscious, being 
the custodian of such data, that is but natural; but 
the impulse of recall comes, not from the subcon- 
scious, but from outside, as usual. Outside sugges- 
tion may be expected to help in the cure of bad hab- 
its by creating a mental distaste when in a state of 
mind too feeble to oppose any suggestion. Sugges- 
tions impressed upon the Soma or the sleeping mind, 
when handed on to the waking mind might probably 



160 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

secure the desired result. Evil suggestion would be 
alike forceful. 

Suggestion is Nature's great educator. It means 
communicating the vibratory movements which by 
common consent represent ideas, to the pupil. The 
pupil translates the words into his own thought. By 
that method the teacher gives and yet retains the 
knowledge communicated. Whether it is better to 
first so weaken the mental state of the pupil that 
there is little or nothing on hand to resist anything, 
good or bad suggested, still remains an open ques- 
tion. 

Difficult problems solved in sleep, natural or arti- 
ficial, so far as known, are problems the waking mind 
has investigated to weariness and after resting in 
sleep gets vigor enough to solve them perhaps at the 
moment of waking. Otherwise it is the automatic 
which carries on the process to its conclusion. Has 
any truth, any important knowledge of any sort ever 
been reported as revealed in that state of semi-con- 
sciousness, except as supplementing waking thought? 

The evidence seems to show that in examples of a 
divided so-called " personality," memory, not able 
to unite the experience gained by the one mind in 
the divided portions of the organism, with restored 
health, which means return to physical correlation, 
therefore to mental correlation, memory returns and 
proves that in reality mind never was dissociated. 
The portions of one experience brought together be- 



THE WILL AS A WORLD-MAKER 161 

come proof that they were the experience of the one 
mind. 

The physical share in a corresponding process 
" split off," the corresponding mode of feeling could 
not relate themselves in memory until the physical 
breach was mended. 

The material share in all mental-material action 
must be recognized. A little child playing in the 
sunshine among the flowers gains health by exercise 
and breathing fresh air, but he also gets the soft 
plash of energy sent out by every flower, and beats 
upon every part of his little frame. When it falls 
into his eyes he sees the flowers, but the little bare 
neck, arms and legs get the outfling of health-giving 
radiations. 

Any two passing in the street pass into physical 
correlations, weak it is true; but real all the same. 
If anything occurs later to recall the meeting to one 
of them, the physical image of the other might prob- 
ably awaken a corresponding consciousness. Both 
direct correlation between a mind and its Soma and 
more indirect correlations between the mind and its 
organism, all of them produce their own proper re- 
sults ; in special cases such results seem marvelous, 
though they are nothing more than natural conse- 
quences to which some striking peculiarity calls spe- 
cial attention. 

Attention is the direct handmaid of the Will, and 
of all other psycho-physical action. They are to- 



162 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

gether in every act of the Will. The reason, judg- 
ment, sense of humor, sense of beauty, every thought, 
every phase of aesthetic and moral feeling may be 
lulled into passiveness and indifference; but the at- 
tention fixed upon anything which the Will desires, 
the Will can act. 

It follows that both attention and good Will must 
be centered upon things noble and good, upon things 
of fitting value under the circumstances, if the right 
things are to be chosen. Motives are in the mind. 
They are the outgrowths of character. The toys 
of childhood do not tempt the wise man, because 
his mature character has outgrown them. 

Free Will under the guidance of an honest char- 
acter, however limited its mental capacities, is one 
of the best types of the world makers in social life. 
The same honesty with an added power of any kind 
is an increasingly excellent world maker. The 
whole community needs them all. Animal life and 
the Will of such things as our cows, sheep, horses, 
and dogs, enliven the modern landscape and are a 
beautiful example of the fitness of things to all man- 
kind. Our cousins and friends, the trees, apparently 
almost without Will glorify the whole world by their 
manifested contentment, symmetry of form, beauty 
of color and usefulness to everything else that lives. 
Good Will everywhere is the best of all possible social 
co-workers, ill will the worst, the most mischievous 
of them all. 



XI 
MANKIND AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 

ALONG step was taken up the ladder of climb- 
ing when mankind was given full responsibility 
for its own conduct. Without mental and moral 
responsibility, neither good nor evil in the highest 
sense of those terms could have existed. Bitter as 
the resulting evils have been the values have been 
many, many fold greater, and evil has its limits, its 
impassable barriers. 

The outlook into the wrong side of things is not 
agreeable, yet it may be best to consider its real im- 
port before we turn the shield. Certainly nine-tenths 
of all suffering has been needlessly caused by man. 

Real evils are the wrongs done to one's self or to 
others. The pain and all other phases of suffering 
are the barriers put up as warnings against repe- 
titions of the wrongdoing, and the wrong intentions 
whether or not carried on to the end, are the respon- 
sible sum and substance of the deed. Intentions 
may not injure others as deeds can, but evil inten- 
tions, hindered in outlet, may drag down one's in- 
most self to an even deeper degradation. All sin is 

some form of weak and contemptible meanness. 

163 



164 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

Theft and robbery of material things, however 
hard and unjust to the owner of them, is not a rob- 
bery of Nature. The theft transfers the goods 
which it cannot destroy. Neither fire, nor water, 
nor any process of attempted destruction can destroy 
the indestructible. It changes their places, modes, 
forms, properties of all changeable sorts; but the 
real substances, as changeless entities remain intact. 

The most infamous kinds of injury to others arise 
from sheer injustice, the jealousies, the low crafts 
that try to undermine another character. What- 
ever the effect upon the other, it blackens the char- 
acter of one's own soul so deeply that the scar never 
will be entirely washed away. What is done, good 
or evil, is done for eternity to a living being who 
lives and must live eternally. Repentance removes 
the guilt, never the stain, never the record. 

Nature's care to preserve the ancient forms, struc- 
tures, footprints and many kindred events, is equally 
careful in recording human transactions. No past 
should be, can be, forgotten irrecoverably. 

We all write our own histories and the record like 
all of Nature's happenings holds its place forever in 
the endless chain of events. Our past may be for- 
gotten, hidden from others, but it remains a page 
by itself in an open book ; perhaps we may close and 
seal the lid. 

A character can redeem itself by repentance, re- 
form, reparation and more, wherever that is possi- 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 165 

ble; and every sympathetic heart will be eager to 
help and forgive. The social duty to help all who 
have been wronged, who have come to us with a bad 
inheritance, or into a bad environment, is not com- 
pulsory; but it is a moral obligation which no one 
under better conditions can evade. Human liberty 
must have its own responsibilities and win its own 
recompense of whatever kind. 

We gladly turn now to the brighter side of human 
achievements. The purposeful adaptation of means 
to ends, especially in the inventing and making of 
machines and other structures, has already been 
noted. A large part of the earth's surface has been 
covered by cities, villages, gardens and farms. 
Bridges have spanned the waters and tunnels have 
bored their great useful holes in the mountains. 

All of this has been done by mankind and chiefly 
by the men of the human race. Men have made and 
managed the great and small ships, the railroads 
and the commercial business of the world. No ani- 
mal of lower growth has mind enough for that class 
of world making. 

Every structure has been put together as a unit 
of its own kind,' unified by its internal adaptations. 
These internal adaptations all of them have at once 
specialized the use of its structure and vastly in- 
creased its executive possibilities in the one general 
direction. There has been no exception to the uni- 
versal law of essential relationship, correlated lim- 



166 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

itation which unifies the substance correlated, limits 
its range of action, but increases its relativity and 
greatly intensifies its special energizing; the result- 
ing outcome has revolutionized the ancient world. 

Solomon and Socrates, if their minds have been 
occupied elsewhere, would now stand in amazement 
if allowed to look down from some height upon almost 
any part of the modern world. In structure-build- 
ing man and the sons of man have proved themselves 
to be the true sons also of the infinite Creator, for 
in their degree they have closely followed His creative 
method. They literally carry on Nature's processes 
of that class immeasurably faster than inorganic Na- 
ture ever has done. In that line they are the crown- 
ing effort of Nature itself, a part of all Nature, but 
on the heights. 

Evidently that is the realization of a part of the 
Creative intention from the beginning. The long 
process has moved on too regularly, too surely to 
leave any doubt as to value and efficiency, of the 
ever-evolving method which has brought all of these 
mighty changes to their present stage of evolution. 

The historical records prove that women were the 
first inventors of household implements while the men 
were yet fighting in self-defense and the defense of 
their women and children. 

The duties of motherhood decided the natural di- 
vision of labor in that dawn of humanity as it does 
in this its latest culmination. No one can study 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 167 

such records as we have of the progress of mankind 
without prejudice and in a spirit of fairness without 
seeing that the dividing line of sex, which no one can 
cross from either side, has been the ruling influence 
in deciding the division of occupations. " Mere 
man " is the more executive partner. 

But the spirit of narrow personal greed which 
desires to trespass on the rights of others, has in- 
terfered here also, working the legitimate lamentable 
results; yet good and evil have intermingled from 
first to last. 

So long as social morality was still indeterminate, 
apparently at that time logically, inevitably, women 
held the balance of power in all social relationships. 
It was they who were deferred to, looked up to, flat- 
tered and bought with gifts. As family and tribe 
life began, the mother was the queen of her descend- 
ants, mainly, descent was reckoned only in the female 
line. The mother's sons-in-law and grandsons-in- 
law for generations lived in her tents, did her bid- 
ding and her own sons went over to the mother of 
their wives. A scrappy but fully credited history is 
emphatic on this point. No well-informed mind 
presumes to question the facts. 

As civilization advanced, property accumulated, 
life became less roving, more successfully stationary 
and pastoral, warfare less an occupation, diplomacy 
began to settle such difficulties as arose between one 
large family and another. Population had not yet 



168 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

so far increased that landed property was held by 
an assured title or in any other way than by con- 
quest and occupation with a warlike hand for de- 
fense. 

Meantime women became more and more peace 
loving, home loving, house and children and domestic 
loving generally. They cooked the food, studied 
domestic comfort and advantages including tools, 
using many of them in the field. The men, still the 
hunters and fighters, still located themselves largely 
by conquest, as the children of Israel did at a much 
later date. 

Property gradually, inevitably, became a personal 
acquirement, not willingly surrendered to any except 
some small share to those who were under the pro- 
tection of the successful warrior, who commanded his 
army and located in a fruitful country. That class 
of domination was an acquirement and a natural 
change of base, put the stronger, wiser individual 
men everywhere in the ruler's place. Class privi- 
leges, the snobbishness and the vanity of power, had 
begun to rank the human race according to success 
or non-success, the success usually attained by some 
kind of over-reaching one's neighbors. The more 
warlike were the heroes. Of course women dropped 
back more and more towards vassalage. 

Jealousy, and love alike, dominated ; wives and chil- 
dren desired exclusively one's own. When the harem 
in its different forms, from almost complete exclusion 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 169 

to veiled faces and similar devices, with defined class 
privileges and authorized polygamy, then began the 
serious immoralities which prevail under many un- 
like disguises until to-day. Might made right. 
The poorer, weaker classes were recognized as the 
rightful victims of class privileges. The king could 
do no wrong. Privilege everywhere was graded 
down to a fine point and made lawful. 

For centuries now, democracy for all, has been 
slowly winning equality of rights for all, politically 
and socially. Education and the general increase of 
intelligence are making it apparent that right con- 
duct for one cannot be essentially wrong for an- 
other. Commercial interests have taken a large por- 
tion of the formerly womanly occupations out of the 
home, into the factories, into the working power of 
machinery and into railroad cars and into monster 
ocean sailing ships ; thence into foreign markets. 

Consequently many self-supporting women have 
been forced into earning a living outside of the home. 
Also machinery has forced many men to follow the 
former home-work into the homeless places where it 
has gone ; to become cooks, washers, ironers, scrubbers 
and sweepers, table waiters, candle or other light 
makers and sweet meats, pickles, preserves and gar- 
ment makers. Men have taken every task formerly 
assigned to women except maternity. 

It is found that most things are even better made 
than formerly. Also that the outside women work- 



170 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ers are proportionately successful in what they un- 
dertake; yet many of them do not even earn a living 
wage and there is wrong somewhere still to be righted. 

Moreover, the schools take the children out of the 
mother's care for six or eight of the best hours of 
the day, and from the age of five or six till the child 
either goes into business or away to get a higher 
education, the mother is no longer the only nor even 
the principal factor in the training of her children. 
Altogether in the changing complications of modern 
life the great comparatively leisure classes are 
women. Also they usually are women of more than 
average intelligence, multitudes of them now college 
graduates or the equivalent in moral and intellectual 
standing and in that desirable condition which is 
neither poverty nor riches. 

Who shall prescribe what they may do in the com- 
ing idle hours? Are they fairly entitled to the pur- 
suit of happiness at their own discretion? May they 
assume a share of all noblest human duties? 

One need not pursue this obvious parallel. It is 
obvious that the duties of motherhood to-day and 
seventy-five years ago are widely different, and that 
a woman's strictly feminine duties and privileges do 
not of innate necessity employ all of the time and 
energy of a long, increasingly long, life. 

Turning back to the past, I find, what seems to 
me an unconsciously fiendish interpretation of mar- 
riage relationship to have culminated in the compara- 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 171 

tively modern theory that so merged all of the equal 
and just claims of the wife in those of the husband, 
that she was literally and legally dead in the eye of 
the law, was practically /merged in her husband. 
No other human being, no slave was ever so learnedly, 
so officially, so deliberately put into the keeping of 
any other master. Dead in Law ; she had neither 
legal voice, legal right, nor legal life. 

Did the law mean that? Oh, no! The two-made- 
one, love would smooth everything. Had those law- 
makers any knowledge of human nature, any 
knowledge of the probable effects, not of a brief 
authority ; but of authority for a life time ? Doubt- 
less, there were ideal marriages. Some were un- 
speakably hideous. 

And let us thank God, sometimes love did soften 
a multitude of things, even to the hurts of taunts 
and brickbats. 

As a woman whose husband scorned the idea of 
an obedient wife and did loyal service, in teaching 
human equality of rights and privileges, I will never 
give in my adherence to an exclusively male-made 
and a male-administered government in family, in 
church or in state. I, who lived and saw the evils 
of that awful dispensation, and early protested with 
heart and voice and still protest. 

Mankind as social world-builders must have equal 
responsibilities, equal privileges, equal duties, and, so 
far as government can give it, equal opportunities. 



172 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

Woman has been the more innocent, but she has 
not been the greater sufferer in this misinterpreted 
marriage relation. The faults which her age-long, 
mental supposed inferiority has engendered are petty 
in comparison with those passions engendered by an 
almost uncontrolled, almost approved, license allotted 
to manhood. 

Cause has never withheld its own legitimate re- 
sults. Women's future part in civil, religious, so- 
ciety and domestic world-making remains to unfold 
itself. A plant, its growth checked by darkness and 
dryness, springs into new life. As the mind has 
blindly accused the helpless body as the source of 
almost all temptations which itself has produced, so 
unreasoningly it has depreciated the intelligence of 
womanhood. 

But the ongoing of process in spite of everything 
has brought us to a crisis of astonished eye 
opening? We shall see. The so-called feminine 
traits are becoming the most admired characteristics 
of poets, artists, religious and literary teachers and 
authors, musicians, Nature students and all of the 
more refined interests and occupations. Has even 
war possibly received its death blow? Is the present 
needless greedy, widely devastating turmoil but 
little more than the last struggles of a discred- 
ited method of settling national difficulties? The 
brotherhood of nations as of individuals is becoming 
a practical doctrine among the most statesmanlike 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 173 

moulders of public opinion. 

Let us look at some of the more delicate methods 
of human achievement. 

Language, the mode of communication between 
ourselves and others, had its beginning far down in 
organic life. It became intelligent by gesture, 
voice, drawings, writing, and printing, in all of the 
communication between mankind. At each of these 
stages just indicated is gained an immense advance 
of conventional agreement about the meanings of the 
symbols which represent the feelings indicated, and 
an equally broadened outreach of the emotions and 
thoughts communicated. 

Like every other growth, language steadily repre- 
sents the growth of intelligence in all of its varieties 
of conscious feeling. 

The totem poles of the Indians, Egyptian hiero- 
glyphics, papyrus writing, printing, publishing, 
point alike to the state of the producers and the re- 
ceivers of that conventional mode of thought trans- 
ference. The method of the transference involves a 
series of motions and representations physical in 
kind. 

Language is emphatically psycho-physical at 
every stage. The entire process of communication of 
every kind is mental and material jointly from first 
to last. Helpful motion, by common acquiescence, 
represents the feeling committed to it; and the re- 
ceiver retranslates the motion into feeling into his or 



174 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

her own consciousness. The process runs along one 
process from beginning to end of that phase of on- 
going. Of course the feeling communicated produces 
its result and the chain of process still moves onward. 
As we have already found, both motion and emotion 
act in cooperating pulses or waves, visible or invis- 
ible. 

Any group of words in a related statement, how- 
ever carefully the words themselves have been de- 
fined, may produce shades of difference in the 
thoughts of different minds, because the meaning of 
the context can be differently translated, some terms 
apparently modifying other terms in a different way, 
so that much depends upon the point of view and the 
degree of intelligence in common between the maker 
of the phrase and the user of it. 

At the best from these causes language does not 
perfectly determine the actual consciousness on either 
side. 

No representation can be expected perfectly to 
reproduce the reality. The simple name of a person 
or thing perhaps comes nearer to its entity than any 
other symbol. Everything must have a name or 
some symbol to represent it in its absence, otherwise 
all communications regarding it would be impossible 
except when in its immediate presence. Some deaf 
and dumb persons have special gestures to represent 
their different friends. All symbols are conven- 
tional, accepted by mutual agreement. They never 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 175 

become actual objects in Nature except as symbols. 
If dumb persons have special gestures to represent 
thought, their actions being wholly natural work on 
the same principle of accurateness as all other cor- 
relations. Human mind-produced products, Nature 
adopts as her own. 

All representatives of life and mind represent the 
freedom, hence the uncertainty, of action which per- 
tains to life and more especially to mind with its 
possible perversities. 

Modes of motion equally must have their symbols 
or names — imperatively ! the necessity for motion 
representation, if there is to be either a personal 
comprehension or a communication in regard to them, 
is as much greater than the necessity for mental 
symbols as motions, the direct types of extensiveness, 
are extensively greater than the mind-matter-unit 
which can only take an individual part in those move- 
ments with which its own Soma is correlated. 
Neither can the Soma take up any work in which its 
awakened mind has not some share. 

There are millions and trillions of simultaneous 
motions. There are but few active processes in 
which any one mind-matter-unit is an immediate par- 
ticipant. 

The two great terms, mind and matter, each of 
them represents uncounted numbers, but in exten- 
siveness and its normal modes and psycho-physical 
normal modes, here, on the earth for instance, there 



176 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

is the numerical difference in number of what may be 
called an infinity of simultaneous motions and per- 
haps some dozens of hundreds or millions of simul- 
taneous psycho-physical correlated changes. One 
mind can direct myriads of motions, bending them to 
its own purpose; psycho-physical changes vastly 
more than make up in quality what they lack in 
quantity. They are the cream of the curds, the 
flavor of everything; the soul of the immense part- 
nership, the motive in all action, the inspiration and 
the initiative of an evolution which far transcends 
all automatic achievements, the goal which by far is 
destined to transcend and already has transcended 
all modes of many sided automatic evolution. Long 
physically evolved, the Psycho-physical has already 
gone beyond and higher than automatic world build- 
ing — (which is motion world building) ever reached 
or is designed to reach. 

Each personal mind makes its own intensive rec- 
ords, the Soma its own extensive records; but they 
are as truly one as the meaning of a word is in the 
aim of a word, its inmost spirit; and embodied 
thoughts and feelings are the only effective values in 
all languages. 

The mental share of work in every process in 
which mind takes part is the vital principle in that 
process everywhere and with no exceptions. A uni- 
verse without mind to produce and minds to appreci- 
ate it would be meaningless, valueless. 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 177 

Each small, personal, mental-material record 
merges itself in the universal processes of ongoing, 
but its thread of influence runs ever onward. 

In comparison with the millions of co-workers in 
its organism this wonderful little mind unit is less 
than the smallest pebble in a mountain. Its indirect 
influence is as that same pebble to the universe itself. 
Potentially every other unit in organisms and uni- 
verse may inherit the like vital influence still 
latent, waiting the unknown future, but may 
we not fairly infer that as the physical world build- 
ers have actually made the physical universe that 
whether they do or do not develop minds in correla- 
tion with their physical powers that the vast physical 
magnificence will not be lessened either in extensive- 
ness or in working activities. 

If Nature's least units all of them are either actual 
or possible mind-matter units, is it not probable that 
forever they will continue to be either actual or pos- 
sible mind-matter unities and that the priceless 
beauty and inspiration of material Nature will never 
be lost. Matter has no discomforts. 

Is it possible to clearly distinguish between differ- 
ences in relative substances, mental and material, and 
also between the processes of those substances? 
Clear statements are never easy to make and words 
cannot make any subject more simple or comprehen- 
sible than the complexities of the conditions will 
allow. Yet there are grand divisions in Nature 



178 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

which present themselves too imperatively to be ig- 
nored. 

Arithmetic is the abstract science of the relations 
of numbers, real or ideal. Geometry is the science 
of the relations of forms, real or ideal. Logic is the 
science of the relations of words, of languages, and 
of the meaning enfolded in language, also real or 
ideal. These several sciences are divisions of one 
class. They can all be treated abstractly. 

They are sciences of the relations, which are con- 
stitutionally inherent in each structure unit of Na- 
ture. In other words, they are sciences which treat 
of the changeless relations of changeless relative be- 
ings. 

They are the sciences of the unchanging relation- 
ships in relative being. 

These persisting relationships have no direct rela- 
tions either with the extensive or the intensive, that 
is either with space or time. Every like form has 
like relationships, and always has had them, whether 
its size is large or small, whether the reality of these 
relationships was first demonstrated by Euclid or is 
demonstrated to-day in every class of school children 
studying Geometry. The smallest triangle has as 
many angles as the largest one, whether actual or 
only ideal. The three angles equal exactly two right 
angles. The circle of a finger ring is constructed by 
the same principle as the idea of the universe, if we 
can imagine the universe to be circular. 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 179 

Arithmetic and algebra by a like principle unite, 
divide, transfer amounts, if represented by x, z, and 
y for shortening or otherwise; the process is essen- 
tially the same for ages old mighty worlds or to-day's 
new laid eggs. 

That is, Nature's least units are each one inter- 
nally and changelessly correlatedly constructed. 

Language is a human device, a convenience ob- 
tained by attaching as nearly as possible special 
meanings to special words, but as no two minds have 
exactly identical feelings all communications between 
them may be more or less exact. Like man-made 
machines, it is try and try again with added improve- 
ments. All the same, when premises are agreed upon, 
logical reasoning and its conclusions are undisputed. 
All abstract reasoning is logical if correctly related. 

Force, though not a free entity, is an absolute 
property, a total that can no more be added to than 
its substance can. It is unthinkable that either can 
be created. We can form no conception, of either as 
being made of nothing or by nothing, and we can 
appreciate and imitate the processes that produce 
their modifications. 

Wherever mind-finite takes part in any process, 
there arises a definite uncertainty as to the results, 
definite because the mind, free positively within its 
own domain, yet must work in correlation with mat- 
ter; and matter never gives or takes except by fair 
measurable exchanges of modes. At the point where 



180 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

mind-initiative is taken up for completion by matter, 
there mental control ceases and matter completes 
the process. If mind acts upon matter, matter 
reacts. 

Liberty is, can be, under no legal restraint of 
" thou shalt not," but it is under the checking re- 
straint of the moral law " thou oughtest not," and 
" if thou doest it the perilous natural causes will 
irrevocably follow with undesirable results." 

With the perversity of freedom misused, arises 
the difficulty which so far has prevented the full 
systematizing of an abstract science of forces. Some 
day may arise a genius who will see just how to ac- 
complish even that very desirable task. In practice 
it is already so nearly a completed science, that many 
onlooking minds in theory have dropped out the sub- 
stance in which every mode of force inheres by exalt- 
ing force itself as the sole and only entity. In 
practice that theory has never succeeded. Force is 
not an abstract principle; as changeless quantity it 
may be treated as such. 

What self-direction has force? When or how was 
any mode of force ever separated from some corre- 
sponding mode of either matter or mind or both act- 
ing in unity? 

Wireless telegraphy erects its sending and re- 
ceiving stations, and if the intangible ether transmits 
messages, it must be material, because in stormy 
weather, high winds and waves moving in one direc- 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 181 

tion so help the ether that it can carry long messages 
from place of starting to place of receiving in that 
direction, when it cannot transmit like messages in 
the opposite direction till the opposing storm has 
quieted. 

Whenever by any process one mode of force is 
transformed into some other mode, invariably essen- 
tial substance helps in producing transfer in kind. 
Friction produces heat. Heat changes water into 
steam and vapor, absence of heat changes water into 
ice. Electricity can be tamed, polarized, directed, 
but the process is always helped out by mechanics. 
A ball may roll down hill but not up hill unless sub- 
stance or force gives it a shove. Some real hand or 
machine must send the ball at one angle against the 
wall for the wall to deflect to a corresponding angle. 
All reaction is mathematically reciprocal, and every 
substance is adapted to send the rejected rays of 
light at a pread justed mathematical angle. The 
mind can feel a hurt in any part of a normal body, 
felt where the hurt is located, but paralysis or an 
anaesthetic can shut off the mind from any diseased 
place, and the mind has no feeling of the pain. 

The eye may even enable the mind to see the pain- 
fully swollen foot. That may excite disgust, pity 
or any feeling corresponding to the disease; but it 
cannot produce the normal pain. The sensation 
will be more like that of looking at the ailing foot 
of another person. 



182 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

If facts like these do not prove the unbroken line 
of correlation between substance and its force the 
entity of substance, between force and its modes of 
activity, and between all action and its actor, it only 
remains to appeal to the personal experiences of all 
minds with no prepossessions. 

The child, the average man and woman and every 
theorist in practice, believes in the reality of sub- 
stance, of force, and in the reality of all action and 
changes, however brief their manifestations. 

Time is the symbol, the representing name that 
simplifies all changes. All changes of all kinds per- 
tain to their own substances and its forces. Changes 
are produced by the interactivities of essential 
things. As these activities in ongoing process occur 
in endless progressive series, both simultaneously 
and in successions, nothing could be done with them, 
no clear idea could be gained about them, no com- 
munication could be made concerning them except by 
agreeing upon a representative name that should in- 
clude all changes, all process ; all action, every kind 
of ongoing under one name. That name is time. 
The term Time is used also as a comparative measure 
of changes. In that sense the measure is the merely 
relative, not an essential changeless relation. 

The changes and their normal durations are reali- 
ties arising in normal series of ongoing, but time- 
measuring rarely exactly coincides with the actual 
facts. Much mental calculation is required to pro- 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 183 

duce that result necessary in all exact calculation. 

The clocks invented to measure time, lengths of 
process in duration, can measure only approximately. 
The pendulum swing is not the same at the equator 
and poles because gravitative pull is less at the 
equator. Time by clock changes with every foot 
eastward or westward from any one given point. 
Nature adjusts itself perfectly so that all changes 
are definitely working in corresponding periods of 
duration. Human intelligence cannot achieve that 
marvel. Incidents which we often treat as arising 
in the same periods of time are more or less in dif- 
ferent time periods. 

The time measure as utilized in rough ways is es- 
sential. We could have no appreciation in common 
without it as to the successions of events. Read- 
justing time differences would be a nuisance if often 
repeated. 

We adopt the time symbol as we adopt other 
terms as nearly as possible by a standard alike for 
all places. In all such or similar cases Nature is 
exact. We and our symbols are inexact. 

From causes of like kinds, relations produced by 
infinite wisdom and relations devised in explanation 
by finite minds, time very generally has come to be 
considered a real entity, or if not that, at least a 
real relation; but how can it be anything more than 
a representation of the actual relations of ongoing 
processes, many of which occur simultaneously? 



184 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

Time has no substance, no properties. What is 
its form? What is it as an isolated idea? There 
are only two kinds of real things, real existences. 
There are real substances (mental or material) and 
the ever-recurring, force-produced activities of those 
substances. 

Now, is time either a substance or an action? It 
is neither. I claim without qualification that every 
action must pertain to an essential actor, every 
change must be a change of some essential existence. 
Activity is the energizing of all Being, the living func- 
tion of all life, the conscious force-action of all mind ; 
but there could be from the very nature of the sup- 
position no possibility of force, or acting energy of 
any kind, existing in pure isolation. 

Think of sweetness as something in and of itself. 
Sweetness is a real quality; but is a quality of some 
real substance which is sweet, which has sweetness 
for one of its qualities. Sweetness can be recognized 
as a class of real qualities of real things, as honey, 
sugar, sweet apples. Think of anyone's attempting 
to taste sweetness without something else as a basis 
for this sweet property. Think then of any motion 
acting of and by itself alone. The thought is im- 
possible. Not even a nightmare could invent it. 
Or try to realize a thought as projecting itself and 
standing alone without the parentage of a conscious 
thinking mind. What we cannot think and cannot 
do, it is certainly unreasonable to teach or to be- 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 185 

lieve. 

But force in all of its phases is precisely such a 
property. The generic difference is, that force per- 
tains as a property to all substances absolute and 
relative, and to the relative in all of its varieties; 
that is, force is an ever-persisting property of all 
substances which also persist ; and force is a property 
of all relative modes of substance which in relative 
being may and do change in forms and modes of 
existing and in the correlated mode of acting force, 
while neither the substance nor the force have in- 
creased or diminished in amount of being or of force. 
Honey and sugar and sweet apples are sweet ; but 
there would be no sweetness if force did not act to 
produce the sweetness. There would be no taste of 
sweetness if force did not act to produce the sense 
of taste and act also in stimulating the eater to 
enjoy the sweet flavor. 

In other words, force is more than the universal 
producing factor of correlated activities ; it is also 
the absolute factor in absolute activities. So far as 
is known it is the sole and only action in all things 
great and small and in all processes of all varieties 
and the producer of all temporary properties, as of 
sugar, honey, and kindred temporary modes of corre- 
lated being. It is only the primary, the God-created, 
least units of beings, which remain one and indivisi- 
ble. All other masses, including all organisms, as 
aggregates of units, are sooner or later separated 



186 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

when circumstances lead to that result. 

On the same principle all modes of matter are cor- 
related motions and all material changes are force- 
produced motions. Though force is itself a property 
of being, not an entity which might exist by itself 
independently; yet without Force-absolute there 
could be neither life nor mind in existence, because 
though force is neither life nor mind it produces the 
action both in life and mind absolute and relative. 
Life and mind in turn direct the action of force and 
guide its ongoing as they choose or desire. 

In other words force and other properties of mind 
act together in concert — mind as mind doing the 
mind work, and force as force impelling them into 
action. 

Something like this cooperates in all growth, in the 
aggregation of inorganic masses and in the growth 
of organisms. Properties, which are not force ex- 
clusively, but substance also, are earth, water, air, 
etc., but there is force in all of these form- and 
property-producing processes. Who can attempt to 
imagine the exact method of absolute changes? It 
is only when the Absolute produces relativity that 
from the nature of the product we must suppose that 
the process was that of correlation. 

But time itself is not a correlation. As a measure 
of processes which act in successions, and which also 
act and react in local periods of duration, although 
every pulse or wave makes its little move from first 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 187 

to last in ever-present duration, that is, in ever- 
present time, time even as a measure is not corre- 
lated ; it is only a single comparing representative of 
active correlations. A foot in length can be made 
to measure a yard in length, but the foot cannot do 
the real work of measuring. Intelligence is solely 
responsible for that and for all kinds of comparative 
processes, although the foot in real length as a meas- 
ure it does help in the process. 

Time is the algebraic word that enables us to real- 
ize in any degree this astonishing complexity of our 
own existence and its processes. 

A process of analysis may also help in explaining 
that the term space is also a symbol representing 
actual extensions and their complicated relation- 
ships. One name represents a multitude. 

Places are actual locations in actual extension, 
that is, in the real material extensiveness which is a 
measurable quantity. New York is located at a 
fixed distance from Boston, at larger distances from 
San Francisco and Paris. 

Relative distances are real relations of real ma- 
terial. Our places as organisms and of each one of 
as a mind-matter unit in that organism, are relative 
places. We occupy that location to the exclusion 
of all others. Others may be within reach of our 
hands, but their bodies and ours have distinct places, 
corresponding to one individual organic form. If 
we are all in Fifth Avenue, they move to Harlem and 



188 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

I to New Jersey, we all carry our places with us. 
The relation of those places has changed as we 
changed locations. Our places are ours wherever we 
are, because organisms are real extensions and so are 
places. So is atmosphere and we live in the air and 
breathe the air; also the firm earth supports us 
wherever we may be. 

But do we carry a section of space with us when 
we move about? Is it space itself which has all of 
those relationships? Certainly not; they are the 
relations of matter and of the mental-material unit 
in the organism which initiated and directed the 
changes. No one can point to one real relation nor 
even to an ideal relation in space. Each one is the 
center of his own world and every thread of inter- 
action draws towards it as to any focus. 

Emotions are even more imperative than reason- 
ing and thinking. It is when emotions learn to flow 
outwards from one's self that they move the world, 
inspiring it with a kindred feeling of fraternity and 
good will. To be shut up in the narrow case if one 
personality stifles every noble sentiment and it gath- 
ers mildew and blight as its legitimate recompense. 
Nature is never cheated. They who live to achieve 
only in their own behalf, because of the entire con J 
stitution of Nature, will find themselves some day to 
have been gathering tares instead of the wheat, for 
Nature holds in even balance the personal and the 
social. 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 189 

The worship of Infinite Goodness and Wisdom 
must be gratitude deeper than words, appreciation 
which can forget itself in sweet and solemn apprecia- 
tion of all, that has been bestowed upon all. The 
faintest perception of this is inspiring. The sym- 
pathy of others and sympathy for others is the best 
possible compensation for all of life's ills. 

Humanity by its inhumanity has caused most of 
the evils which it has been made to suffer as a nat- 
ural outgrowth, warning against the wrongs done. 
On the other hand, it is humanity which has wrought 
the improvements, the accelerations of much that is 
best in the work of the automata and their struc- 
turally engendered processes. Catastrophes have 
quickened human comprehension of causes and im- 
pelled to a vigorous application of available rem- 
edies. 

The fraternizing of nations is in its earlier stages, 
and everything broadly humane seems tending to a 
more and more rapid increase. When justice re- 
places both national and personal inordinate self- 
seeking and business strives after equity in all of its 
transactions, it finds it. 

A foot in length is an agreed-upon name for an 
exact distance, it is a well-understood, a conventional 
term, a representative of an exact real extent. 

Time represents real motions of all varieties. All 
motions do actually take place in Duration, which 
is ever-present time ; but in relative being they occur 



190 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

in succession of action and because they do so arise, 
time is made to represent their progressions. As 
already insisted on, substance and its force produce 
all change, past and future, while — as experience 
proves beyond reasonable question — they all occur 
in the ever-present duration. 

Each individual consciousness is a personal world 
of correlations, past and present, and the future will 
add its endless tribute of feelings all in the eternal 
now. 

Space is the name which represents all extensions. 
It can be nothing else and nothing more. The ef- 
fort to form a concept of infinite space is as impos- 
sible as is the effort to form full conception of in- 
finite Ever-existence. All action of every kind arises 
in present time, the eternal now, but because it arises 
in an endless series we must estimate it in its con- 
nections, its relationships, some of which are past, 
present and future. Space may represent immedi- 
ate action with relations that reach out in all direc- 
tions, and enfold all processes. Memory brings 
everything that need be recalled back into present 
personal consciousness. 

The value of mankind as world makers is optional 
with mankind. The value of each one of us is at 
our own option, for choice is as personal as person- 
ality itself. Hereditary trend, good or bad, may be 
outlived and opportunity sooner or later is sure to 
come whether sought for, worked for, and improved 



AMONG THE WORLD-MAKERS 191 

or otherwise; for soon mankind will take up social, 
mental and moral world making with increasing good 
will, and mighty effectiveness. And personal self- 
molding and improving will by no means be forgotten. 
We are already being taught that we must all 
stand or fall together. Are we not already in the 
early dawn of a new era of ethic and aesthetic world 
making? 



XII 
GOD THE SUPREME ARCHITECT 

THAT the Creator is the sole Author of the uni- 
verse who can doubt? One Mind infinite in 
wisdom, infinite in executiveness, devised all of the 
vast systems of worlds to their least detail; there 
seems to be no reasonable shade of doubt. But was 
God the Architect who planned and supervises, but 
in a practical sense not the masons, the carpenters ; 
and is He the actual decorator of to-day? 

To drop the figurative illustration, on the earth at 
least, is it not mankind who are now carrying on 
most of the progress in things and methods to suit 
themselves? Men make the cities, the country 
homes, churches, school houses, bridges, roads, moun- 
tain tunnels. Men built the ships and control them, 
the flying machines and use them, at their own risk ; 
they it is who are changing the crabbed fruits into 
delicious luxuries, the jungles into gardens. In 
short, mankind is the present-day promoter of 
progress, or supposed progress, in all directions. 

Science has persistently insisted that matter in 
every field of investigation was positively acting it- 
self, is itself still putting together masses and pull- 
ing them apart. The worlds are moved by means 

192 



GOD THE SUPREME ARCHITECT 19S 

of material interactivities and so are all lesser bodies 
animate and inanimate. Every mind feels for it- 
self, does its own thinking and its own acting with 
the cooperation of its organism and environment. 

The chief disagreement between religion and 
science has been along these lines, the working ac- 
tivities and responsibilities of the Creator and the 
activities and responsibilities, of things created espe- 
cially including mankind. Men do work, do make 
their own characters and have their own responsibili- 
ties for conduct and opinions; they suffer and enjoy. 

For some time past public opinion has been be- 
coming more and more unsettled, afloat without an 
efficient rudder. Old foundations are shaken. Props 
which once upheld structures that formerly seemed 
more stable than the mountains which do get washed 
away by the rains and the fall of rocks rolled down 
by gravity ; and some of the most beloved old mental 
constructions are tottering and now seem threatening 
to fall. The many, sincere or otherwise, deliberately 
shut their eyes, apparently either afraid or too per- 
verse to open them. Those who feel most helpless 
and ignorant turn away to lesser interests, trying 
to content themselves by declaring, nobody knows, 
no one can know. The good of all classes try to put 
the best face possible upon everything. The wisest 
and best try to teach what they do believe and to 
push everything about which they are somewhat 
doubtful into the shadows which will partially con- 



194 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

ceal the doubts. This may be good or bad policy 
as it is more or less sincerely honest in intention. 

Good-works and helping the more helpless to help 
themselves, is useful and practical; but it does not 
face the more and more imperative question of, where 
are we drifting? Is there any truth so broad, so 
firmly grounded that we can rest upon it, do our own 
work and follow our destinies in confidence and hope, 
even in real and full assurance? 

The present treatise is the culmination of a life- 
long attempt to find as far as possible a personally 
satisfactory answer to these inquiries ; but what may 
satisfy one may be shown to have many flaws that 
must discredit it for others. All the same, such 
truth as one believes should be more than freely given 
to all who can receive it. 

To me it seems clear that religion, science and 
philosophy can all stand together on the same plat- 
form, if they can come to an agreement about the 
real work of the Creator and the appointed and 
actual work of the created individuals whether with 
or without intelligent personal consciousness. Force 
and its innate push to action is the heritage of all 
substance, and all finite substance is individual and 
has its own work; but feeling with its intensiveness 
of changing kinds and degrees, adds corresponding 
impulse to action. 

The Absolute is the architect, plan and method 
are His. He is supervisor, sustainer, helper, in- 



GOD THE SUPREME ARCHITECT 195 

spirer, giver of everything, and doing His own vast 
work but not the builder — except of the countless 
primary units. He gives to each its own work and 
the outgrowing results good or bad. 

Being, Existence in itself, all sufficient and all 
comprehensive in itself, is the fundamental marvel; 
everything else its derivative. This would be in- 
credible if reason and personal experience did not 
assure one of its unqualified certainty. 

Relative existence is absolute existence made rela- 
tive by internal narrowing adaptations based upon 
absolute substance; all of its methods and its inter- 
activities are conditioned to arise in relations. 

Relative beings are all of them conditioned as in- 
dividual ; indivisible, mechanically constructed by me- 
chanical laws in a perfect equilibrium of all parts 
with a necessitated equilibrium of all processes actual 
or possible. 

Creation is the production, the conditioning of the 
host of such units and the possible methods in ac- 
cord with which they are or might be enabled to co- 
operate, for all finite activities ; and each unit, struc- 
turally self-balanced within itself ; but its internal ac- 
tions alone cannot increase modes of force. 

Opposed motions are the balancing forces of Na- 
ture; hence they as the primary cobperators, began 
the making of the correlated universe carrying it 
onward until the inorganic was prepared for organ- 
ization, and the dawning of life. 



196 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

Instead of doing all the work of the universe him- 
self, God has made work the gateway to all progress 
for his children. He has given them of his own 
Being and of the properties of his own being, dura- 
tion and force; and force produces every phase of 
increase good or bad, directed automatically or by 
a conscious mind. 

The discovered progressive stereotyped records of 
the unnumbered past ages are interpreted in essen- 
tially the same way to the unanimous approval of 
investigators — all agreeing that there has been a 
steady advancement in the process of universe mak- 
ing. Obviously the process is still onward more rap- 
idly than ever. 

Humanity is now doing the more conspicuous work 
successfully, with increasing intelligence, courage 
and success, even eagerly accepting the responsibil- 
ity of changing the entire face of things, physically, 
intellectually, ethically, aesthetically, personally and 
socially. Life and mind are the really most incred- 
ible facts to be accounted for, approved and ennobled, 
learning to take a rightful place with dignity and 
self-restraint. 

Every new machine, each new invention and 
achievement is incontestably a diminutive imitation 
of the vast mechanical universe, so far as it reaches 
in every real characteristic; it is a fairly faithful 
little copy of an inconceivably mighty structure be- 
cause, like a child's drawing-book, its outlines have 



GOD THE SUPREME ARCHITECT 197 

been predetermined and the right kind of work in- 
dicated. Why should not the Ever-existing, efficient 
Unity have devised a method of deriving kindred 
lesser individualities in multitudes? If this was done 
the great work would probably begin with the low- 
est grade of existence and with effective limitations 
and progressive guidance. 

Friction is the normal generator of heat ; heat be- 
ing a " mode of motion " easily obtained from the 
coarser modes of friction, primary units of condi- 
tioned beings (presumably by contact or its equiv- 
alent) might, with their mutual attractions and re- 
pulsions, call into action in the unbroken ranks of 
process, the heat and light of the suns and of matter 
in general. Thence onward the rhythmic ongoing 
in orderly process would await the coming of finite 
minds, and their directive intervention. Even human 
competing traffic carries the Olive branch in its left 
hand, the right held out — though still grudgingly — 
to help the more helpless. Even tainted money is get- 
ting a rebirth in social service. Everything moves. 
Though now in the clutch of the most destructive of 
all international brutalities the last word of already 
dying war is — reciprocity. 

Which kind men deliberately choose is left to their 
own decision, and natural results follow all action 
unremittedly. 

With social justice and love, added to personal 
temperance and self-restraint, all temporary goods 



198 THE MAKING OF THE UNIVERSE 

may give to anyone health, comfort and enjoyment; 
but all permanent higher values must come as the 
result of one's efforts or they cannot be obtained. 
Mental values are too personal to be obtained wholly 
by proxy. One's own motives and conduct are as 
personal, as exclusive, as his own personality. The 
nature of Nature demands it. 

The Mind which created, doubtless might uncre- 
ate, might annihilate every finite being and again 
stand alone, the universe blotted out as a child wipes 
off the figures from the slate. 

But why? Could it be better even for infinity to 
stand alone forever? Surely there are interests in 
this wonderful universe which must be an absorb- 
ing attraction to a mind which can know itself as 
the Author and preserver of these wisdom devised 
outworking and onworking ever increasing interac- 
tivities. As matter evolves complexity and variety 
in structures, minds gain correspondingly in con- 
scious living experience. Truth and the wider, 
clearer knowledge of truth must be an ever-coop- 
erating alliance. Then think of the sweetness of 
character which has been developed even here on the 
earth, of the splendid deeds and the mental attain- 
ments of some of our greatest and best. And think 
of the future's unknown possibilities. Better to live 
forever alone? Oh, no; this universe was made for 
a sublime purpose. It can never, never be de- 
stroyed. It is in and of the everlasting. 



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